0
# Financial Instruments
1

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AKShare provides comprehensive coverage of financial instruments with 224 functions across four major categories: FUND (79 functions), BOND (41 functions), FUTURES (62 functions), and OPTION (42 functions). This includes mutual funds, ETFs, government and corporate bonds, commodity and financial futures, and stock and commodity options.
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## Fund Data (79 functions)
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### Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
7

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#### Real-time ETF Data
9
```python { .api }
10
import akshare as ak
11

12
def fund_etf_spot_em() -> pd.DataFrame:
13
    """
14
    Real-time ETF market data from East Money
15
    
16
    Returns:
17
        pd.DataFrame: ETF real-time quotes with columns:
18
            - 代码 (Code): ETF code
19
            - 名称 (Name): ETF name
20
            - 最新价 (Latest): Current price
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            - 涨跌额 (Change): Price change amount
22
            - 涨跌幅 (Pct_change): Percentage change
23
            - 成交量 (Volume): Trading volume
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            - 成交额 (Amount): Trading amount
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            - 开盘价 (Open): Opening price
26
            - 最高价 (High): Highest price
27
            - 最低价 (Low): Lowest price
28
            - 昨收价 (Prev_close): Previous close
29
            - 换手率 (Turnover): Turnover rate
30
    """
31

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# Get real-time ETF data
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etf_df = ak.fund_etf_spot_em()
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print(etf_df.head())
35
#     代码      名称    最新价  涨跌额  涨跌幅     成交量        成交额
36
# 0  510050  50ETF    2.885   0.01   0.35   45678901  131770234567
37
# 1  510300  沪深300   4.123  -0.02  -0.48   23456789   96789012345
38
```
39

40
#### Historical ETF Data
41
```python { .api }
42
import akshare as ak
43

44
def fund_etf_fund_daily_em(symbol: str, start_date: str = "19700101",
45
                          end_date: str = "20500101") -> pd.DataFrame:
46
    """
47
    ETF daily historical data
48
    
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    Parameters:
50
        symbol: ETF code (e.g., "510050")
51
        start_date: Start date in YYYYMMDD format
52
        end_date: End date in YYYYMMDD format
53
        
54
    Returns:
55
        pd.DataFrame: Historical OHLCV data
56
    """
57

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# Get 50ETF historical data
59
etf_hist = ak.fund_etf_fund_daily_em(
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    symbol="510050", 
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    start_date="20240101", 
62
    end_date="20241201"
63
)
64
```
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### Open-end Mutual Funds
67

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#### Fund Daily Data
69
```python { .api }
70
import akshare as ak
71

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def fund_open_fund_daily_em(symbol: str, start_date: str = "19700101",
73
                           end_date: str = "20500101") -> pd.DataFrame:
74
    """
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    Open-end fund daily net asset value data
76
    
77
    Parameters:
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        symbol: Fund code (e.g., "000001")
79
        start_date: Start date in YYYYMMDD format  
80
        end_date: End date in YYYYMMDD format
81
        
82
    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Fund NAV data with columns:
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            - 净值日期 (Date): NAV date
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            - 单位净值 (NAV): Net Asset Value per share
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            - 累计净值 (Cum_NAV): Cumulative NAV
87
            - 日增长率 (Daily_return): Daily return rate
88
            - 申购状态 (Purchase_status): Purchase status
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            - 赎回状态 (Redeem_status): Redemption status
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    """
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# Get fund daily data
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fund_daily = ak.fund_open_fund_daily_em(symbol="000001")
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print(fund_daily.head())
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#      净值日期   单位净值   累计净值  日增长率 申购状态 赎回状态
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# 0  2024-12-01   1.2345   2.5678   0.12   开放    开放
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# 1  2024-11-29   1.2330   2.5663  -0.08   开放    开放
98
```
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#### Fund Information and Rankings
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```python { .api }
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import akshare as ak
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def fund_em_fund_name() -> pd.DataFrame:
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    """
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    All fund codes and names from East Money
107
    
108
    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Fund directory with codes and names
110
    """
111

112
def fund_em_open_fund_info(fund: str, indicator: str = "单位净值走势") -> pd.DataFrame:
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    """
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    Detailed fund information and performance
115
    
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    Parameters:
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        fund: Fund code
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        indicator: Information type
119
        
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    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Fund detailed information
122
    """
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# Get fund directory
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fund_list = ak.fund_em_fund_name()
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# Get specific fund information
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fund_info = ak.fund_em_open_fund_info(fund="000001")
129
```
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### Fund Performance and Ratings
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#### Fund Rankings
134
```python { .api }
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import akshare as ak
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def fund_em_open_fund_rank() -> pd.DataFrame:
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    """
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    Open-end fund performance rankings
140
    
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    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Fund rankings by various metrics
143
    """
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def fund_rating_all() -> pd.DataFrame:
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    """
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    Fund ratings from multiple rating agencies
148
    
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    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Comprehensive fund ratings
151
    """
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# Get fund rankings
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fund_ranks = ak.fund_em_open_fund_rank()
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# Get fund ratings
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fund_ratings = ak.fund_rating_all()
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```
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### Fund Manager Information
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```python { .api }
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import akshare as ak
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def fund_manager() -> pd.DataFrame:
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    """
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    Fund manager information and track records
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    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Fund manager details and performance
170
    """
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# Get fund manager data
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managers = ak.fund_manager()
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```
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## Bond Data (41 functions)
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### Government Bonds
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#### Chinese Government Bonds
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```python { .api }
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import akshare as ak
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def bond_zh_hs_daily() -> pd.DataFrame:
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    """
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    Chinese government bond daily trading data
187
    
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    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Government bond market data with columns:
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            - 代码 (Code): Bond code
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            - 名称 (Name): Bond name
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            - 最新价 (Price): Current price  
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            - 涨跌额 (Change): Price change
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            - 涨跌幅 (Pct_change): Percentage change
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            - 成交量 (Volume): Trading volume
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            - 成交额 (Amount): Trading amount
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            - 收益率 (Yield): Current yield
198
    """
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# Get government bond data
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gov_bonds = ak.bond_zh_hs_daily()
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```
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#### Treasury Bond Yield Curves
205
```python { .api }
206
import akshare as ak
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def bond_zh_yield() -> pd.DataFrame:
209
    """
210
    Chinese treasury bond yield curve
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    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Yield curve data across maturities
214
    """
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# Get yield curve data
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yield_curve = ak.bond_zh_yield()
218
```
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### Corporate Bonds
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#### Corporate Bond Trading
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```python { .api }
224
import akshare as ak
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def bond_cb_ths() -> pd.DataFrame:
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    """
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    Corporate bond data from Tonghuashun
229
    
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    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Corporate bond market information
232
    """
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def bond_cbond() -> pd.DataFrame:
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    """
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    Corporate bond comprehensive data
237
    
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    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Corporate bond details and pricing
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    """
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# Get corporate bond data
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corp_bonds_ths = ak.bond_cb_ths()
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corp_bonds = ak.bond_cbond()
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```
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### Convertible Bonds
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#### Convertible Bond Market
250
```python { .api }
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import akshare as ak
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def bond_convert_list() -> pd.DataFrame:
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    """
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    Convertible bond list and basic information
256
    
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    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Convertible bond directory with columns:
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            - 转债代码 (Code): Convertible bond code
260
            - 转债名称 (Name): Bond name
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            - 现价 (Price): Current price
262
            - 涨跌幅 (Change): Percentage change
263
            - 转股价 (Conversion_price): Conversion price
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            - 转股价值 (Conversion_value): Conversion value
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            - 溢价率 (Premium): Premium rate
266
    """
267

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def bond_convert_detail(symbol: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
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    """
270
    Detailed convertible bond information
271
    
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    Parameters:
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        symbol: Convertible bond code
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    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Detailed bond information
277
    """
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# Get convertible bond list
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convert_list = ak.bond_convert_list()
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# Get specific convertible bond details
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convert_detail = ak.bond_convert_detail(symbol="113001")
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```
285

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### Bond Market Analysis
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#### Bond Issue Information
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```python { .api }
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import akshare as ak
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def bond_issue_cninfo() -> pd.DataFrame:
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    """
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    Bond issuance information from CNInfo
295
    
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    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: New bond issuance data
298
    """
299

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def bond_summary() -> pd.DataFrame:
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    """
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    Bond market summary statistics
303
    
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    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Overall bond market indicators
306
    """
307

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# Get bond issuance data
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bond_issues = ak.bond_issue_cninfo()
310

311
# Get market summary
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bond_summary_data = ak.bond_summary()
313
```
314

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## Futures Data (62 functions)
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### Chinese Commodity Futures
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#### Daily Futures Data
320
```python { .api }
321
import akshare as ak
322

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def futures_zh_daily_sina(symbol: str = "RB0000") -> pd.DataFrame:
324
    """
325
    Chinese futures daily data from Sina Finance
326
    
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    Parameters:
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        symbol: Futures contract code (e.g., "RB0000" for rebar)
329
        
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    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Daily OHLCV data with columns:
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            - date: Trading date
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            - open: Opening price
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            - high: Highest price  
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            - low: Lowest price
336
            - close: Closing price
337
            - volume: Trading volume
338
            - hold: Open interest
339
    """
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# Get rebar futures daily data
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rebar_daily = ak.futures_zh_daily_sina(symbol="RB0000")
343
print(rebar_daily.head())
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#         date   open   high    low  close    volume     hold
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# 0  2024-12-01  3456   3478   3445   3467   1234567  2345678
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# 1  2024-11-29  3445   3465   3432   3456   1098765  2334567
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```
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#### Minute-level Futures Data
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```python { .api }
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import akshare as ak
352

353
def futures_zh_minute_sina(symbol: str, period: str = "1") -> pd.DataFrame:
354
    """
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    Chinese futures minute-level data
356
    
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    Parameters:
358
        symbol: Futures contract code
359
        period: Time period ("1", "5", "15", "30", "60")
360
        
361
    Returns:
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        pd.DataFrame: Minute-level OHLCV data
363
    """
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# Get 5-minute rebar data
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rebar_5min = ak.futures_zh_minute_sina(symbol="RB2405", period="5")
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```
368

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### Futures Market Information
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#### Futures Contract Specifications
372
```python { .api }
373
import akshare as ak
374

375
def futures_contract_info() -> pd.DataFrame:
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    """
377
    Futures contract specifications and details
378
    
379
    Returns:
380
        pd.DataFrame: Contract information including:
381
            - 品种代码 (Product): Product code
382
            - 品种名称 (Name): Product name  
383
            - 交易所 (Exchange): Trading exchange
384
            - 合约乘数 (Multiplier): Contract multiplier
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            - 最小变动价位 (Tick_size): Minimum tick size
386
    """
387

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# Get contract specifications
389
contract_info = ak.futures_contract_info()
390
```
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#### Futures Main Contract Data
393
```python { .api }
394
import akshare as ak
395

396
def futures_main_sina(symbol: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
397
    """
398
    Main contract data for specific futures product
399
    
400
    Parameters:
401
        symbol: Futures product code
402
        
403
    Returns:
404
        pd.DataFrame: Main contract historical data
405
    """
406

407
# Get main contract data
408
main_contract = ak.futures_main_sina(symbol="RB")
409
```
410

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### International Futures
412

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#### Foreign Futures Markets
414
```python { .api }
415
import akshare as ak
416

417
def futures_foreign_detail(symbol: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
418
    """
419
    International futures market data
420
    
421
    Parameters:
422
        symbol: International futures symbol
423
        
424
    Returns:
425
        pd.DataFrame: Foreign futures data
426
    """
427

428
def futures_foreign_commodity() -> pd.DataFrame:
429
    """
430
    International commodity futures overview
431
    
432
    Returns:
433
        pd.DataFrame: Global commodity futures prices
434
    """
435

436
# Get international futures data
437
foreign_futures = ak.futures_foreign_detail(symbol="CL")
438
commodity_overview = ak.futures_foreign_commodity()
439
```
440

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### Futures Inventory and Warehouse Data
442

443
#### Warehouse Receipts
444
```python { .api }
445
import akshare as ak
446

447
def futures_inventory_99() -> pd.DataFrame:
448
    """
449
    Futures warehouse inventory data
450
    
451
    Returns:
452
        pd.DataFrame: Inventory levels by product and warehouse
453
    """
454

455
def futures_inventory_shfe() -> pd.DataFrame:
456
    """
457
    Shanghai Futures Exchange inventory data
458
    
459
    Returns:
460
        pd.DataFrame: SHFE warehouse receipts
461
    """
462

463
# Get inventory data
464
inventory_data = ak.futures_inventory_99()
465
shfe_inventory = ak.futures_inventory_shfe()
466
```
467

468
### Commitment of Traders (COT) Reports
469

470
#### COT Data Analysis
471
```python { .api }
472
import akshare as ak
473

474
def cot_report() -> pd.DataFrame:
475
    """
476
    CFTC Commitment of Traders report
477
    
478
    Returns:
479
        pd.DataFrame: COT position data for US futures
480
    """
481

482
def cot_report_legacy() -> pd.DataFrame:
483
    """
484
    Legacy COT report format
485
    
486
    Returns:
487
        pd.DataFrame: Historical COT data format
488
    """
489

490
# Get COT reports
491
cot_data = ak.cot_report()
492
cot_legacy = ak.cot_report_legacy()
493
```
494

495
## Options Data (42 functions)
496

497
### Stock Options
498

499
#### Options Market Overview
500
```python { .api }
501
import akshare as ak
502

503
def option_finance_board() -> pd.DataFrame:
504
    """
505
    Options market overview and statistics
506
    
507
    Returns:
508
        pd.DataFrame: Options market summary with columns:
509
            - 合约代码 (Contract): Option contract code
510
            - 合约名称 (Name): Contract name
511
            - 最新价 (Price): Current price
512
            - 涨跌额 (Change): Price change
513
            - 涨跌幅 (Pct_change): Percentage change  
514
            - 成交量 (Volume): Trading volume
515
            - 持仓量 (Open_interest): Open interest
516
            - 隐含波动率 (IV): Implied volatility
517
    """
518

519
# Get options market data
520
options_board = ak.option_finance_board()
521
```
522

523
#### Individual Option Contracts
524
```python { .api }
525
import akshare as ak
526

527
def option_finance_sina(symbol: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
528
    """
529
    Individual option contract data from Sina Finance
530
    
531
    Parameters:
532
        symbol: Option contract code
533
        
534
    Returns:
535
        pd.DataFrame: Option contract details and pricing
536
    """
537

538
def option_sina_sse_list(symbol: str, trade_date: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
539
    """
540
    Shanghai Stock Exchange option contracts list
541
    
542
    Parameters:
543
        symbol: Underlying asset symbol
544
        trade_date: Trading date (YYYY-MM-DD)
545
        
546
    Returns:
547
        pd.DataFrame: SSE option contracts for underlying
548
    """
549

550
# Get individual option data
551
option_contract = ak.option_finance_sina(symbol="10004373")
552

553
# Get SSE option list for 50ETF
554
sse_options = ak.option_sina_sse_list(symbol="510050", trade_date="2024-12-01")
555
```
556

557
### Commodity Options
558

559
#### Commodity Option Markets
560
```python { .api }
561
import akshare as ak
562

563
def option_commodity_em() -> pd.DataFrame:
564
    """
565
    Commodity options data from East Money
566
    
567
    Returns:
568
        pd.DataFrame: Commodity option market information
569
    """
570

571
def option_commodity_hist(symbol: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
572
    """
573
    Historical commodity option data
574
    
575
    Parameters:
576
        symbol: Commodity option symbol
577
        
578
    Returns:
579
        pd.DataFrame: Historical option data
580
    """
581

582
# Get commodity options data
583
commodity_options = ak.option_commodity_em()
584

585
# Get historical commodity option data
586
commodity_hist = ak.option_commodity_hist(symbol="C2405C2800")
587
```
588

589
### Options Analytics
590

591
#### Implied Volatility and Greeks
592
```python { .api }
593
import akshare as ak
594

595
def option_finance_sina_sse_greeks(trade_date: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
596
    """
597
    Options Greeks data for SSE options
598
    
599
    Parameters:
600
        trade_date: Trading date (YYYY-MM-DD)
601
        
602
    Returns:
603
        pd.DataFrame: Options Greeks including:
604
            - Delta: Price sensitivity to underlying
605
            - Gamma: Delta sensitivity to underlying  
606
            - Theta: Time decay
607
            - Vega: Volatility sensitivity
608
            - Rho: Interest rate sensitivity
609
    """
610

611
# Get options Greeks
612
greeks_data = ak.option_finance_sina_sse_greeks(trade_date="2024-12-01")
613
```
614

615
## Financial Instrument Analysis Patterns
616

617
### Cross-Asset Analysis
618
```python { .api }
619
import akshare as ak
620
import pandas as pd
621

622
def create_multi_asset_dashboard() -> dict:
623
    """Create comprehensive financial instruments dashboard"""
624
    
625
    dashboard = {
626
        'etfs': ak.fund_etf_spot_em(),
627
        'bonds': ak.bond_zh_hs_daily(),
628
        'futures': ak.futures_zh_daily_sina(symbol="RB0000"),
629
        'options': ak.option_finance_board()
630
    }
631
    
632
    return dashboard
633

634
def analyze_yield_curve_impact() -> pd.DataFrame:
635
    """Analyze yield curve impact on different instruments"""
636
    
637
    # Get yield curve
638
    yield_curve = ak.bond_zh_yield()
639
    
640
    # Get bond prices
641
    bond_prices = ak.bond_zh_hs_daily()
642
    
643
    # Get interest rate sensitive ETFs
644
    rate_etfs = ak.fund_etf_spot_em()
645
    
646
    # Analysis would combine these datasets
647
    return combined_analysis
648

649
# Usage
650
multi_asset_data = create_multi_asset_dashboard()
651
yield_analysis = analyze_yield_curve_impact()
652
```
653

654
### Risk Management Applications
655
```python { .api }
656
import akshare as ak
657

658
def portfolio_risk_monitor(holdings: dict) -> dict:
659
    """Monitor risk across different financial instruments"""
660
    
661
    risk_data = {}
662
    
663
    # ETF volatility monitoring
664
    if 'etfs' in holdings:
665
        etf_data = ak.fund_etf_spot_em()
666
        risk_data['etf_volatility'] = etf_data
667
    
668
    # Bond duration risk
669
    if 'bonds' in holdings:
670
        bond_data = ak.bond_zh_hs_daily()
671
        risk_data['bond_duration'] = bond_data
672
        
673
    # Futures margin requirements
674
    if 'futures' in holdings:
675
        futures_data = ak.futures_contract_info()
676
        risk_data['futures_margin'] = futures_data
677
        
678
    # Options Greeks risk
679
    if 'options' in holdings:
680
        options_greeks = ak.option_finance_sina_sse_greeks(trade_date="2024-12-01")
681
        risk_data['options_greeks'] = options_greeks
682
    
683
    return risk_data
684

685
# Usage
686
portfolio_holdings = {
687
    'etfs': ['510050', '510300'],
688
    'bonds': ['019547', '019640'],
689
    'futures': ['RB2405', 'AU2405'],
690
    'options': ['10004373', '10004374']
691
}
692

693
risk_monitor = portfolio_risk_monitor(portfolio_holdings)
694
```
695

696
## Data Characteristics
697

698
### Update Frequencies
699
- **Real-time data**: ETF and futures prices during trading hours
700
- **Daily data**: End-of-day NAV for funds, settlement prices for futures
701
- **Weekly data**: Fund performance rankings and ratings
702
- **Monthly data**: Fund detailed reports and analytics
703

704
### Market Coverage
705
- **Chinese Markets**: Complete coverage of domestic funds, bonds, futures, options
706
- **International Markets**: Major global futures and some international funds
707
- **Product Breadth**: 224 functions covering all major financial instrument types
708
- **Historical Depth**: Multi-year historical data for most instruments
709

710
### Common Applications
711
1. **Asset Allocation**: Multi-asset portfolio construction and analysis
712
2. **Risk Management**: Cross-asset risk monitoring and hedging strategies  
713
3. **Arbitrage**: Basis trading between futures and underlying assets
714
4. **Income Generation**: Bond yield analysis and options strategies
715
5. **Hedging**: Using derivatives for portfolio protection
716

717
The financial instruments capabilities in AKShare provide comprehensive coverage for sophisticated investment strategies across multiple asset classes and derivatives markets.