Falcon

import falcon

import falcon.asgi

import falcon

class ThingsResource:
    def on_get(self, req, resp):
        """Handles GET requests"""
        resp.status = falcon.HTTP_200
        resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_JSON
        resp.media = {'message': 'Hello, World!'}

    def on_post(self, req, resp):
        """Handles POST requests"""
        try:
            data = req.media
            # Process the data
            resp.status = falcon.HTTP_201
            resp.media = {'created': True, 'data': data}
        except Exception as e:
            raise falcon.HTTPBadRequest(
                title='Invalid request',
                description=str(e)
            )

# Create WSGI application
app = falcon.App()
app.add_route('/things', ThingsResource())

# Or create ASGI application
# app = falcon.asgi.App()
# app.add_route('/things', ThingsResource())

class App:
    def __init__(
        self,
        media_type: str = 'application/json',
        request_type: type = None,
        response_type: type = None,
        middleware: object = None,
        router: object = None,
        independent_middleware: bool = True,
        cors_enable: bool = False,
        sink_before_static_route: bool = True
    ): ...
    
    def add_route(self, uri_template: str, resource: object, **kwargs): ...
    def add_static_route(self, prefix: str, directory: str, **kwargs): ...
    def add_sink(self, sink: callable, prefix: str = '/'): ...
    def add_middleware(self, middleware: object): ...
    def add_error_handler(self, exception_type: type, handler: callable): ...

# ASGI Application
class falcon.asgi.App:
    def __init__(self, **kwargs): ...
    # Same methods as WSGI App

class Request:
    # Core properties
    method: str
    uri: str
    relative_uri: str
    headers: dict
    params: dict
    cookies: dict
    media: object  # Parsed request body
    context: object  # User data storage
    
    # Methods
    def get_header(self, name: str, default: str = None) -> str: ...
    def get_param(self, name: str, default: str = None) -> str: ...
    def client_accepts_json(self) -> bool: ...
    def client_accepts_msgpack(self) -> bool: ...

class Response:
    # Core properties
    status: str
    headers: dict
    media: object  # Auto-serialized response data
    data: bytes  # Raw response body
    content_type: str
    context: object
    
    # Methods
    def set_header(self, name: str, value: str): ...
    def set_cookie(self, name: str, value: str, **kwargs): ...
    def set_stream(self, stream: object, content_length: int, content_type: str = None): ...

class HTTPError(Exception):
    def __init__(
        self,
        status: str,
        title: str = None,
        description: str = None,
        headers: dict = None,
        href: str = None,
        href_text: str = None,
        code: int = None
    ): ...
    
    def to_dict(self) -> dict: ...
    def to_json(self) -> str: ...

# Common HTTP exceptions
class HTTPBadRequest(HTTPError): ...
class HTTPUnauthorized(HTTPError): ...
class HTTPForbidden(HTTPError): ...
class HTTPNotFound(HTTPError): ...
class HTTPMethodNotAllowed(HTTPError): ...
class HTTPInternalServerError(HTTPError): ...

# Route converters for path parameters
class IntConverter: ...
class FloatConverter: ...
class DateTimeConverter: ...
class UUIDConverter: ...
class PathConverter: ...

# Static file serving
class StaticRoute:
    def __init__(self, prefix: str, directory: str, **kwargs): ...

class StaticRouteAsync:  # ASGI version
    def __init__(self, prefix: str, directory: str, **kwargs): ...

class WebSocket:
    # Properties
    ready_state: int
    client_address: tuple
    context: object
    
    # Methods
    async def accept(self, subprotocol: str = None, headers: dict = None): ...
    async def receive_text(self) -> str: ...
    async def receive_data(self) -> bytes: ...
    async def send_text(self, payload: str): ...
    async def send_data(self, payload: bytes): ...
    async def close(self, code: int = 1000, reason: str = None): ...

class SSEvent:
    def __init__(self, data: str, event_type: str = None, event_id: str = None, retry: int = None): ...

class BaseHandler:
    def serialize(self, media: object, content_type: str) -> bytes: ...
    def deserialize(self, stream: object, content_type: str, content_length: int) -> object: ...

class JSONHandler(BaseHandler): ...
class MessagePackHandler(BaseHandler): ...
class MultipartFormHandler(BaseHandler): ...
class URLEncodedFormHandler(BaseHandler): ...

class Handlers:
    def __init__(self, initial: dict = None): ...
    def find_by_media_type(self, media_type: str, default: object = None) -> BaseHandler: ...

class TestClient:
    def __init__(self, app: object, headers: dict = None): ...
    
    def simulate_get(self, path: str, **kwargs) -> Result: ...
    def simulate_post(self, path: str, **kwargs) -> Result: ...
    def simulate_put(self, path: str, **kwargs) -> Result: ...
    def simulate_delete(self, path: str, **kwargs) -> Result: ...

class Result:
    status: str
    headers: dict
    text: str
    json: object
    cookies: list

class CORSMiddleware:
    def __init__(
        self,
        allow_origins: str = '*',
        expose_headers: list = None,
        allow_credentials: bool = None,
        allow_private_network: bool = False
    ): ...

# Hook decorators
def before(action: callable, *args, **kwargs): ...
def after(action: callable, *args, **kwargs): ...

# HTTP utilities
def http_now() -> str: ...
def http_date_to_dt(http_date: str) -> datetime: ...
def dt_to_http(dt: datetime) -> str: ...
def secure_filename(filename: str) -> str: ...

# Async utilities  
def async_to_sync(coroutine_func: callable) -> callable: ...
def sync_to_async(sync_func: callable) -> callable: ...

# Data structures
class CaseInsensitiveDict(dict): ...
class Context: ...
class ETag: ...

# Request/Response Options
class RequestOptions:
    auto_parse_form_urlencoded: bool
    auto_parse_qs_csv: bool
    default_media_type: str
    media_handlers: Handlers
    strip_url_path_trailing_slash: bool

class ResponseOptions:
    default_media_type: str
    media_handlers: Handlers
    secure_cookies_by_default: bool
    static_media_types: dict

# WebSocket payload types
class WebSocketPayloadType:
    TEXT: int
    BINARY: int

# HTTP Methods
HTTP_METHODS: list  # Standard HTTP methods
WEBDAV_METHODS: list  # WebDAV methods
COMBINED_METHODS: list  # All supported methods

# Media Types
DEFAULT_MEDIA_TYPE: str  # 'application/json'
MEDIA_JSON: str  # 'application/json'
MEDIA_XML: str  # 'application/xml'
MEDIA_HTML: str  # 'text/html'
MEDIA_TEXT: str  # 'text/plain'
MEDIA_URLENCODED: str  # 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
MEDIA_MULTIPART: str  # 'multipart/form-data'
MEDIA_MSGPACK: str  # 'application/msgpack'

# HTTP Status Codes

## Numeric Status Codes

### 1xx Informational
HTTP_100: str  # '100 Continue'
HTTP_101: str  # '101 Switching Protocols'
HTTP_102: str  # '102 Processing'
HTTP_103: str  # '103 Early Hints'

### 2xx Success
HTTP_200: str  # '200 OK'
HTTP_201: str  # '201 Created'
HTTP_202: str  # '202 Accepted'
HTTP_203: str  # '203 Non-Authoritative Information'
HTTP_204: str  # '204 No Content'
HTTP_205: str  # '205 Reset Content'
HTTP_206: str  # '206 Partial Content'
HTTP_207: str  # '207 Multi-Status'
HTTP_208: str  # '208 Already Reported'
HTTP_226: str  # '226 IM Used'

### 3xx Redirection
HTTP_300: str  # '300 Multiple Choices'
HTTP_301: str  # '301 Moved Permanently'
HTTP_302: str  # '302 Found'
HTTP_303: str  # '303 See Other'
HTTP_304: str  # '304 Not Modified'
HTTP_305: str  # '305 Use Proxy'
HTTP_307: str  # '307 Temporary Redirect'
HTTP_308: str  # '308 Permanent Redirect'

### 4xx Client Error
HTTP_400: str  # '400 Bad Request'
HTTP_401: str  # '401 Unauthorized'
HTTP_402: str  # '402 Payment Required'
HTTP_403: str  # '403 Forbidden'
HTTP_404: str  # '404 Not Found'
HTTP_405: str  # '405 Method Not Allowed'
HTTP_406: str  # '406 Not Acceptable'
HTTP_407: str  # '407 Proxy Authentication Required'
HTTP_408: str  # '408 Request Timeout'
HTTP_409: str  # '409 Conflict'
HTTP_410: str  # '410 Gone'
HTTP_411: str  # '411 Length Required'
HTTP_412: str  # '412 Precondition Failed'
HTTP_413: str  # '413 Content Too Large'
HTTP_414: str  # '414 URI Too Long'
HTTP_415: str  # '415 Unsupported Media Type'
HTTP_416: str  # '416 Range Not Satisfiable'
HTTP_417: str  # '417 Expectation Failed'
HTTP_418: str  # '418 I\'m a Teapot'
HTTP_421: str  # '421 Misdirected Request'
HTTP_422: str  # '422 Unprocessable Entity'
HTTP_423: str  # '423 Locked'
HTTP_424: str  # '424 Failed Dependency'
HTTP_425: str  # '425 Too Early'
HTTP_426: str  # '426 Upgrade Required'
HTTP_428: str  # '428 Precondition Required'
HTTP_429: str  # '429 Too Many Requests'
HTTP_431: str  # '431 Request Header Fields Too Large'
HTTP_451: str  # '451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons'

### 5xx Server Error
HTTP_500: str  # '500 Internal Server Error'
HTTP_501: str  # '501 Not Implemented'
HTTP_502: str  # '502 Bad Gateway'
HTTP_503: str  # '503 Service Unavailable'
HTTP_504: str  # '504 Gateway Timeout'
HTTP_505: str  # '505 HTTP Version Not Supported'
HTTP_506: str  # '506 Variant Also Negotiates'
HTTP_507: str  # '507 Insufficient Storage'
HTTP_508: str  # '508 Loop Detected'
HTTP_510: str  # '510 Not Extended'
HTTP_511: str  # '511 Network Authentication Required'

### 7xx Custom Error Codes (Falcon Extensions)
HTTP_701: str  # '701 Meh'
HTTP_702: str  # '702 Emacs'
HTTP_703: str  # '703 Explosion'
HTTP_710: str  # '710 PHP'
HTTP_711: str  # '711 Convenience Store'
HTTP_712: str  # '712 NoSQL'
HTTP_719: str  # '719 I am not a teapot'
HTTP_720: str  # '720 Unpossible'
HTTP_721: str  # '721 Known Unknowns'
HTTP_722: str  # '722 Unknown Unknowns'
HTTP_723: str  # '723 Tricky'
HTTP_724: str  # '724 This line should be unreachable'
HTTP_725: str  # '725 It works on my machine'
HTTP_726: str  # '726 It\'s a feature, not a bug'
HTTP_727: str  # '727 32 bits is plenty'
HTTP_740: str  # '740 Computer says no'
HTTP_741: str  # '741 Compiling'
HTTP_742: str  # '742 A kitten dies'
HTTP_743: str  # '743 RTFM'
HTTP_744: str  # '744 Nothing to see here'
HTTP_745: str  # '745 Not implemented'
HTTP_748: str  # '748 Confounded by ponies'
HTTP_749: str  # '749 Reserved for Chuck Norris'
HTTP_750: str  # '750 Didn\'t bother to compile it'
HTTP_753: str  # '753 Syntax Error'
HTTP_754: str  # '754 Too many semi-colons'
HTTP_755: str  # '755 Not enough cowbell'
HTTP_759: str  # '759 Unexpected T_PAAMAYIM_NEKUDOTAYIM'
HTTP_771: str  # '771 Version mismatch'
HTTP_772: str  # '772 Incompatible dependencies'
HTTP_773: str  # '773 Missing dependency'
HTTP_774: str  # '774 Shit happens'
HTTP_776: str  # '776 Coincidence'
HTTP_777: str  # '777 Coincidence'
HTTP_778: str  # '778 Coincidence'
HTTP_779: str  # '779 Off by one error'
HTTP_780: str  # '780 Project owner not responding'
HTTP_781: str  # '781 Operations'
HTTP_782: str  # '782 QA'
HTTP_783: str  # '783 It was DNS'
HTTP_784: str  # '784 It was a race condition'
HTTP_785: str  # '785 It was a cache issue'
HTTP_786: str  # '786 Cached for too long'
HTTP_791: str  # '791 The Internet shut down due to copyright restrictions'
HTTP_792: str  # '792 Climate change driven catastrophic weather event'
HTTP_797: str  # '797 We are no longer Amazon\'s ELB'
HTTP_799: str  # '799 End of the world'

## Named Status Codes (Aliases)
HTTP_ACCEPTED: str  # Alias for HTTP_202
HTTP_ALREADY_REPORTED: str  # Alias for HTTP_208
HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY: str  # Alias for HTTP_502
HTTP_BAD_REQUEST: str  # Alias for HTTP_400
HTTP_CONFLICT: str  # Alias for HTTP_409
HTTP_CONTENT_TOO_LARGE: str  # Alias for HTTP_413  
HTTP_CONTINUE: str  # Alias for HTTP_100
HTTP_CREATED: str  # Alias for HTTP_201
HTTP_EARLY_HINTS: str  # Alias for HTTP_103
HTTP_EXPECTATION_FAILED: str  # Alias for HTTP_417
HTTP_FAILED_DEPENDENCY: str  # Alias for HTTP_424
HTTP_FORBIDDEN: str  # Alias for HTTP_403
HTTP_FOUND: str  # Alias for HTTP_302
HTTP_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT: str  # Alias for HTTP_504
HTTP_GONE: str  # Alias for HTTP_410
HTTP_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED: str  # Alias for HTTP_505
HTTP_IM_A_TEAPOT: str  # Alias for HTTP_418
HTTP_IM_USED: str  # Alias for HTTP_226
HTTP_INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE: str  # Alias for HTTP_507
HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR: str  # Alias for HTTP_500
HTTP_LENGTH_REQUIRED: str  # Alias for HTTP_411
HTTP_LOCKED: str  # Alias for HTTP_423
HTTP_LOOP_DETECTED: str  # Alias for HTTP_508
HTTP_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED: str  # Alias for HTTP_405
HTTP_MISDIRECTED_REQUEST: str  # Alias for HTTP_421
HTTP_MOVED_PERMANENTLY: str  # Alias for HTTP_301
HTTP_MULTI_STATUS: str  # Alias for HTTP_207
HTTP_MULTIPLE_CHOICES: str  # Alias for HTTP_300
HTTP_NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED: str  # Alias for HTTP_511
HTTP_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION: str  # Alias for HTTP_203
HTTP_NOT_ACCEPTABLE: str  # Alias for HTTP_406
HTTP_NOT_EXTENDED: str  # Alias for HTTP_510
HTTP_NOT_FOUND: str  # Alias for HTTP_404
HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED: str  # Alias for HTTP_501
HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED: str  # Alias for HTTP_304
HTTP_NO_CONTENT: str  # Alias for HTTP_204
HTTP_OK: str  # Alias for HTTP_200
HTTP_PARTIAL_CONTENT: str  # Alias for HTTP_206
HTTP_PAYMENT_REQUIRED: str  # Alias for HTTP_402
HTTP_PERMANENT_REDIRECT: str  # Alias for HTTP_308
HTTP_PRECONDITION_FAILED: str  # Alias for HTTP_412
HTTP_PRECONDITION_REQUIRED: str  # Alias for HTTP_428
HTTP_PROCESSING: str  # Alias for HTTP_102
HTTP_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED: str  # Alias for HTTP_407
HTTP_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE: str  # Alias for HTTP_416
HTTP_REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE: str  # Alias for HTTP_431
HTTP_REQUEST_TIMEOUT: str  # Alias for HTTP_408
HTTP_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG: str  # Alias for HTTP_414
HTTP_RESET_CONTENT: str  # Alias for HTTP_205
HTTP_SEE_OTHER: str  # Alias for HTTP_303
HTTP_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE: str  # Alias for HTTP_503
HTTP_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS: str  # Alias for HTTP_101
HTTP_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT: str  # Alias for HTTP_307
HTTP_TOO_EARLY: str  # Alias for HTTP_425
HTTP_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS: str  # Alias for HTTP_429
HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED: str  # Alias for HTTP_401
HTTP_UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS: str  # Alias for HTTP_451
HTTP_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY: str  # Alias for HTTP_422
HTTP_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE: str  # Alias for HTTP_415
HTTP_UPGRADE_REQUIRED: str  # Alias for HTTP_426
HTTP_USE_PROXY: str  # Alias for HTTP_305
HTTP_VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES: str  # Alias for HTTP_506