Piexif

import piexif

from piexif import load, dump, insert, remove, transplant
from piexif import ImageIFD, ExifIFD, GPSIFD, InteropIFD, TYPES, TAGS
from piexif.helper import UserComment

import piexif

# Load EXIF data from an image
exif_dict = piexif.load("image.jpg")

# Examine EXIF data structure
for ifd in ("0th", "Exif", "GPS", "1st"):
    for tag in exif_dict[ifd]:
        tag_name = piexif.TAGS[ifd][tag]["name"]
        print(f"{tag_name}: {exif_dict[ifd][tag]}")

# Modify EXIF data
exif_dict["0th"][piexif.ImageIFD.Software] = b"My Software"
exif_dict["Exif"][piexif.ExifIFD.DateTimeOriginal] = b"2023:12:25 10:30:00"

# Convert back to bytes and insert into a new image
exif_bytes = piexif.dump(exif_dict)
piexif.insert(exif_bytes, "input.jpg", "output.jpg")

def load(input_data, key_is_name=False):
    """
    Load EXIF data from JPEG, TIFF, or WebP files.

    Parameters:
    - input_data: str (file path) or bytes (image data)
    - key_is_name: bool, optional - Use tag names as keys instead of tag numbers (default: False)

    Returns:
    dict: EXIF data with IFD structure
    {
        "0th": dict,      # Main image metadata (ImageIFD tags)
        "Exif": dict,     # Camera-specific metadata (ExifIFD tags)
        "GPS": dict,      # GPS location data (GPSIFD tags)
        "Interop": dict,  # Interoperability data (InteropIFD tags)
        "1st": dict,      # Thumbnail image metadata (ImageIFD tags)
        "thumbnail": bytes # Thumbnail JPEG data or None
    }

    Raises:
    InvalidImageDataError: If image data is corrupted or invalid
    """

def dump(exif_dict):
    """
    Convert EXIF dictionary to bytes format.

    Parameters:
    - exif_dict: dict - EXIF data dictionary with IFD structure

    Returns:
    bytes: EXIF data in binary format with proper headers

    Raises:
    ValueError: If EXIF dictionary structure is invalid
    """

def insert(exif, image, new_file=None):
    """
    Insert EXIF data into JPEG or WebP image.

    Parameters:
    - exif: bytes - EXIF data in binary format (from dump())
    - image: str (file path) or bytes (image data) - Target image
    - new_file: str, optional - Output file path; if None, modifies original

    Returns:
    None: Modifies file in place or saves to new_file

    Raises:
    ValueError: If exif data is not valid EXIF data
    InvalidImageDataError: If image format is unsupported
    """

def remove(src, new_file=None):
    """
    Remove EXIF data from JPEG or WebP image.

    Parameters:
    - src: str (file path) or bytes (image data) - Source image
    - new_file: str, optional - Output file path; if None, modifies original

    Returns:
    None: Modifies file in place or saves to new_file

    Raises:
    InvalidImageDataError: If image format is unsupported
    """

def transplant(exif_src, image, new_file=None):
    """
    Copy EXIF data from one JPEG to another JPEG.

    Parameters:
    - exif_src: str (file path) or bytes (JPEG data) - Source JPEG with EXIF
    - image: str (file path) or bytes (JPEG data) - Target JPEG image
    - new_file: str, optional - Output file path; if None, modifies target

    Returns:
    None: Modifies file in place or saves to new_file

    Raises:
    ValueError: If source has no EXIF data or new_file not provided for bytes input
    InvalidImageDataError: If image format is not JPEG

    Note: Only supports JPEG format, not WebP or TIFF.
    """

class TYPES:
    """EXIF data type constants."""
    Byte = 1
    Ascii = 2
    Short = 3
    Long = 4
    Rational = 5
    SByte = 6
    Undefined = 7
    SShort = 8
    SLong = 9
    SRational = 10
    Float = 11
    DFloat = 12

TAGS: dict
"""
Tag information dictionary mapping IFD names to tag definitions.

Structure:
{
    "0th": dict,     # Main image tags (same as "Image")
    "1st": dict,     # Thumbnail image tags (same as "Image")
    "Exif": dict,    # Camera-specific tags
    "GPS": dict,     # GPS location tags
    "Interop": dict, # Interoperability tags
    "Image": dict    # Standard TIFF/image tags
}

Each tag entry contains:
{
    tag_number: {
        "name": str,      # Human-readable tag name
        "type": int       # EXIF data type (from TYPES class)
    }
}
"""

class ImageIFD:
    """Tag constants for main image metadata (0th and 1st IFD)."""
    # Core image properties
    ImageWidth = 256
    ImageLength = 257
    BitsPerSample = 258
    Compression = 259
    PhotometricInterpretation = 262
    Orientation = 274
    SamplesPerPixel = 277
    XResolution = 282
    YResolution = 283
    ResolutionUnit = 296
    
    # Image description
    ImageDescription = 270
    Make = 271
    Model = 272
    Software = 305
    DateTime = 306
    Artist = 315
    Copyright = 33432
    
    # Technical metadata
    WhitePoint = 318
    PrimaryChromaticities = 319
    YCbCrCoefficients = 529
    YCbCrSubSampling = 530
    YCbCrPositioning = 531
    ReferenceBlackWhite = 532
    
    # Pointers to other IFDs
    ExifTag = 34665      # Pointer to Exif IFD
    GPSTag = 34853       # Pointer to GPS IFD
    
    # Additional core tags
    ProcessingSoftware = 11
    NewSubfileType = 254
    SubfileType = 255
    Threshholding = 263
    CellWidth = 264
    CellLength = 265
    FillOrder = 266
    DocumentName = 269
    StripOffsets = 273
    RowsPerStrip = 278
    StripByteCounts = 279
    PlanarConfiguration = 284
    GrayResponseUnit = 290
    GrayResponseCurve = 291
    T4Options = 292
    T6Options = 293
    TransferFunction = 301
    HostComputer = 316
    Predictor = 317
    ColorMap = 320
    HalftoneHints = 321
    TileWidth = 322
    TileLength = 323
    TileOffsets = 324
    TileByteCounts = 325
    SubIFDs = 330
    InkSet = 332
    InkNames = 333
    NumberOfInks = 334
    DotRange = 336
    TargetPrinter = 337
    ExtraSamples = 338
    SampleFormat = 339
    SMinSampleValue = 340
    SMaxSampleValue = 341
    TransferRange = 342
    ClipPath = 343
    XClipPathUnits = 344
    YClipPathUnits = 345
    Indexed = 346
    JPEGTables = 347
    OPIProxy = 351
    
    # JPEG-specific tags
    JPEGProc = 512
    JPEGInterchangeFormat = 513
    JPEGInterchangeFormatLength = 514
    JPEGRestartInterval = 515
    JPEGLosslessPredictors = 517
    JPEGPointTransforms = 518
    JPEGQTables = 519
    JPEGDCTables = 520
    JPEGACTables = 521
    
    # Metadata and extensions
    XMLPacket = 700
    Rating = 18246
    RatingPercent = 18249
    ImageID = 32781
    CFARepeatPatternDim = 33421
    CFAPattern = 33422
    BatteryLevel = 33423
    ImageResources = 34377

class ExifIFD:
    """Tag constants for camera-specific metadata (Exif IFD)."""
    # Exposure settings
    ExposureTime = 33434
    FNumber = 33437
    ExposureProgram = 34850
    ISOSpeedRatings = 34855
    ShutterSpeedValue = 37377
    ApertureValue = 37378
    BrightnessValue = 37379
    ExposureBiasValue = 37380
    MaxApertureValue = 37381
    
    # Date and time
    ExifVersion = 36864
    DateTimeOriginal = 36867
    DateTimeDigitized = 36868
    OffsetTime = 36880
    OffsetTimeOriginal = 36881
    OffsetTimeDigitized = 36882
    SubSecTime = 37520
    SubSecTimeOriginal = 37521
    SubSecTimeDigitized = 37522
    
    # Camera settings
    MeteringMode = 37383
    LightSource = 37384
    Flash = 37385
    FocalLength = 37386
    SubjectDistance = 37382
    SubjectArea = 37396
    
    # Image properties
    ColorSpace = 40961
    PixelXDimension = 40962
    PixelYDimension = 40963
    ComponentsConfiguration = 37121
    CompressedBitsPerPixel = 37122
    
    # Additional metadata
    UserComment = 37510
    MakerNote = 37500
    FlashpixVersion = 40960
    RelatedSoundFile = 40964
    
    # Advanced technical settings
    SpectralSensitivity = 34852
    OECF = 34856
    SensitivityType = 34864
    StandardOutputSensitivity = 34865
    RecommendedExposureIndex = 34866
    ISOSpeed = 34867
    ISOSpeedLatitudeyyy = 34868
    ISOSpeedLatitudezzz = 34869
    Temperature = 37888
    Humidity = 37889
    Pressure = 37890
    WaterDepth = 37891
    Acceleration = 37892
    CameraElevationAngle = 37893
    
    # Image capture details
    FlashEnergy = 41483
    SpatialFrequencyResponse = 41484
    FocalPlaneXResolution = 41486
    FocalPlaneYResolution = 41487
    FocalPlaneResolutionUnit = 41488
    SubjectLocation = 41492
    ExposureIndex = 41493
    SensingMethod = 41495
    FileSource = 41728
    SceneType = 41729
    CFAPattern = 41730
    
    # Processing and quality
    CustomRendered = 41985
    ExposureMode = 41986
    WhiteBalance = 41987
    DigitalZoomRatio = 41988
    FocalLengthIn35mmFilm = 41989
    SceneCaptureType = 41990
    GainControl = 41991
    Contrast = 41992
    Saturation = 41993
    Sharpness = 41994
    DeviceSettingDescription = 41995
    SubjectDistanceRange = 41996
    ImageUniqueID = 42016
    
    # Camera and lens identification
    CameraOwnerName = 42032
    BodySerialNumber = 42033
    LensSpecification = 42034
    LensMake = 42035
    LensModel = 42036
    LensSerialNumber = 42037
    Gamma = 42240
    
    # Interoperability pointer
    InteroperabilityTag = 40965

class GPSIFD:
    """Tag constants for GPS location metadata (GPS IFD)."""
    GPSVersionID = 0
    GPSLatitudeRef = 1       # 'N' or 'S'
    GPSLatitude = 2          # Degrees, minutes, seconds
    GPSLongitudeRef = 3      # 'E' or 'W'
    GPSLongitude = 4         # Degrees, minutes, seconds
    GPSAltitudeRef = 5       # Above/below sea level
    GPSAltitude = 6          # Altitude in meters
    GPSTimeStamp = 7         # UTC time as hours, minutes, seconds
    GPSSatellites = 8        # Satellites used for measurement
    GPSStatus = 9            # Receiver status
    GPSMeasureMode = 10      # Measurement mode
    GPSDOP = 11             # Measurement precision
    GPSSpeedRef = 12        # Speed unit
    GPSSpeed = 13           # Speed of GPS receiver
    GPSTrackRef = 14        # Reference for direction of movement
    GPSTrack = 15           # Direction of movement
    GPSImgDirectionRef = 16 # Reference for direction of image
    GPSImgDirection = 17    # Direction of image when captured
    GPSMapDatum = 18        # Geodetic survey data
    GPSDestLatitudeRef = 19 # Reference for destination latitude
    GPSDestLatitude = 20    # Destination latitude
    GPSDestLongitudeRef = 21 # Reference for destination longitude
    GPSDestLongitude = 22   # Destination longitude
    GPSDestBearingRef = 23  # Reference for destination bearing
    GPSDestBearing = 24     # Destination bearing
    GPSDestDistanceRef = 25 # Reference for destination distance
    GPSDestDistance = 26    # Destination distance
    GPSProcessingMethod = 27 # GPS processing method
    GPSAreaInformation = 28 # GPS area information
    GPSDateStamp = 29       # GPS date
    GPSDifferential = 30    # Differential correction
    GPSHPositioningError = 31 # Horizontal positioning error

class InteropIFD:
    """Tag constants for interoperability metadata (Interop IFD)."""
    InteroperabilityIndex = 1

class UserComment:
    """Helper for UserComment EXIF field encoding/decoding."""
    
    # Supported encodings
    ASCII = 'ascii'
    JIS = 'jis'
    UNICODE = 'unicode'
    ENCODINGS = (ASCII, JIS, UNICODE)
    
    @classmethod
    def load(cls, data):
        """
        Convert UserComment EXIF field to string.
        
        Parameters:
        - data: bytes - UserComment field data from EXIF
        
        Returns:
        str: Decoded comment text
        
        Raises:
        ValueError: If data is invalid or encoding unsupported
        """
    
    @classmethod
    def dump(cls, data, encoding="ascii"):
        """
        Convert string to UserComment EXIF field format.
        
        Parameters:
        - data: str - Comment text to encode
        - encoding: str - Encoding to use ('ascii', 'jis', 'unicode')
        
        Returns:
        bytes: Encoded UserComment field data
        
        Raises:
        ValueError: If encoding is unsupported
        """

class InvalidImageDataError(ValueError):
    """Raised when image data is corrupted or in unsupported format."""
    pass

import piexif

# Load and examine EXIF data
exif_dict = piexif.load("photo.jpg")
print(f"Camera: {exif_dict['0th'].get(piexif.ImageIFD.Make, b'Unknown').decode()}")
print(f"Date: {exif_dict['Exif'].get(piexif.ExifIFD.DateTimeOriginal, b'Unknown').decode()}")

# Modify and save EXIF data
exif_dict["0th"][piexif.ImageIFD.Software] = b"Python Piexif"
exif_bytes = piexif.dump(exif_dict)
piexif.insert(exif_bytes, "photo.jpg", "photo_modified.jpg")

import piexif

# Add GPS coordinates to an image
exif_dict = piexif.load("photo.jpg")

# GPS coordinates for New York City (40.7128° N, 74.0060° W)
exif_dict["GPS"] = {
    piexif.GPSIFD.GPSVersionID: (2, 0, 0, 0),
    piexif.GPSIFD.GPSLatitudeRef: b'N',
    piexif.GPSIFD.GPSLatitude: ((40, 1), (42, 1), (46, 1)),  # 40°42'46"
    piexif.GPSIFD.GPSLongitudeRef: b'W',
    piexif.GPSIFD.GPSLongitude: ((74, 1), (0, 1), (22, 1)),  # 74°0'22"
}

exif_bytes = piexif.dump(exif_dict)
piexif.insert(exif_bytes, "photo.jpg", "photo_with_gps.jpg")

import piexif
from piexif.helper import UserComment

# Read UserComment from EXIF
exif_dict = piexif.load("photo.jpg")
user_comment_bytes = exif_dict["Exif"].get(piexif.ExifIFD.UserComment)
if user_comment_bytes:
    comment = UserComment.load(user_comment_bytes)
    print(f"User comment: {comment}")

# Set UserComment in EXIF
new_comment = "Processed with Python"
exif_dict["Exif"][piexif.ExifIFD.UserComment] = UserComment.dump(new_comment, "unicode")
exif_bytes = piexif.dump(exif_dict)
piexif.insert(exif_bytes, "photo.jpg", "photo_with_comment.jpg")

from PIL import Image
import piexif

# Load image with PIL and extract EXIF
im = Image.open("photo.jpg")
if "exif" in im.info:
    exif_dict = piexif.load(im.info["exif"])
    
    # Modify EXIF data
    w, h = im.size
    exif_dict["0th"][piexif.ImageIFD.XResolution] = (w, 1)
    exif_dict["0th"][piexif.ImageIFD.YResolution] = (h, 1)
    
    # Save with modified EXIF
    exif_bytes = piexif.dump(exif_dict)
    im.save("photo_resized.jpg", "jpeg", exif=exif_bytes)