rule_id: codeguard-0-xml-and-serialization

XML & Serialization Hardening

Secure parsing and processing of XML and serialized data; prevent XXE, entity expansion, SSRF, DoS, and unsafe deserialization across platforms.

XML Parser Hardening

• Disable DTDs and external entities by default; reject DOCTYPE declarations.
• Validate strictly against local, trusted XSDs; set explicit limits (size, depth, element counts).
• Sandbox or block resolver access; no network fetches during parsing; monitor for unexpected DNS activity.

Java

General principle:

factory.setFeature("http://apache.org/xml/features/disallow-doctype-decl", true);

Disabling DTDs protects against XXE and Billion Laughs attacks. If DTDs cannot be disabled, disable external entities using parser-specific methods.

Java

Java parsers have XXE enabled by default.

DocumentBuilderFactory/SAXParserFactory/DOM4J:

DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
String FEATURE = null;
try {
    // PRIMARY defense - disallow DTDs completely
    FEATURE = "http://apache.org/xml/features/disallow-doctype-decl";
    dbf.setFeature(FEATURE, true);
    dbf.setXIncludeAware(false);
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
    logger.info("ParserConfigurationException was thrown. The feature '" + FEATURE
    + "' is not supported by your XML processor.");
}

If DTDs cannot be completely disabled:

DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
String[] featuresToDisable = {
    "http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities",
    "http://xml.org/sax/features/external-parameter-entities",
    "http://apache.org/xml/features/nonvalidating/load-external-dtd"
};

for (String feature : featuresToDisable) {
    try {    
        dbf.setFeature(feature, false); 
    } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
        logger.info("ParserConfigurationException was thrown. The feature '" + feature
        + "' is probably not supported by your XML processor.");
    }
}
dbf.setXIncludeAware(false);
dbf.setExpandEntityReferences(false);
dbf.setFeature(XMLConstants.FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING, true);

.NET

var settings = new XmlReaderSettings { DtdProcessing = DtdProcessing.Prohibit, XmlResolver = null };
var reader = XmlReader.Create(stream, settings);

Python

from defusedxml import ElementTree as ET
ET.parse('file.xml')
# or lxml
from lxml import etree
parser = etree.XMLParser(resolve_entities=False, no_network=True)
tree = etree.parse('filename.xml', parser)

Secure XSLT/Transformer Usage

• Set ACCESS_EXTERNAL_DTD and ACCESS_EXTERNAL_STYLESHEET to empty; avoid loading remote resources.

Deserialization Safety

• Never deserialize untrusted native objects. Prefer JSON with schema validation.
• Enforce size/structure limits before parsing. Reject polymorphic types unless strictly allow‑listed.
• Language specifics:
  • PHP: avoid unserialize(); use json_decode().
  • Python: avoid pickle and unsafe YAML (yaml.safe_load only).
  • Java: override ObjectInputStream#resolveClass to allow‑list; avoid enabling default typing in Jackson; use XStream allow‑lists.
  • .NET: avoid BinaryFormatter; prefer DataContractSerializer or System.Text.Json with TypeNameHandling=None for JSON.NET.
• Sign and verify serialized payloads where applicable; log and alert on deserialization failures and anomalies.

Implementation Checklist

• DTDs off; external entities disabled; strict schema validation; parser limits set.
• No network access during parsing; resolvers restricted; auditing in place.
• No unsafe native deserialization; strict allow‑listing and schema validation for supported formats.
• Regular library updates and tests with XXE/deserialization payloads.