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# Product and Commerce Types
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Schema.org types for products, offers, orders, payments, and e-commerce functionality.
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## Capabilities
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### Product Base Type
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The root type for all products and commercial items.
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```typescript { .api }
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/**
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 * Any offered product or service. For example: a pair of shoes; a concert ticket; 
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 * the rental of a car; a haircut; or an episode of a TV show streamed online
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 */
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type Product = ProductLeaf | DietarySupplement | Drug | IndividualProduct |
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  ProductCollection | ProductGroup | ProductModel | SomeProducts | Vehicle;
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interface ProductBase extends ThingBase {
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  /** A property-value pair representing an additional characteristic of the entity */
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  additionalProperty?: SchemaValue<PropertyValue, "additionalProperty">;
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  /** The overall rating, based on a collection of reviews or ratings, of the item */
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  aggregateRating?: SchemaValue<AggregateRating, "aggregateRating">;
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  /** An intended audience, i.e. a group for whom something was created */
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  audience?: SchemaValue<Audience, "audience">;
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  /** An award won by or for this item */
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  award?: SchemaValue<Text, "award">;
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  /** The brand(s) associated with the product */
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  brand?: SchemaValue<Brand | Organization, "brand">;
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  /** A category for the item */
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  category?: SchemaValue<CategoryCode | PhysicalActivityCategory | Text | Thing | URL, "category">;
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  /** The color of the product */
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  color?: SchemaValue<Text, "color">;
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  /** The depth of the item */
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  depth?: SchemaValue<Distance | QuantitativeValue, "depth">;
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  /** A Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) */
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  gtin?: SchemaValue<Text, "gtin">;
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  /** The GTIN-12 code of the product, or the product to which the offer refers */
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  gtin12?: SchemaValue<Text, "gtin12">;
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  /** The GTIN-13 code of the product, or the product to which the offer refers */
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  gtin13?: SchemaValue<Text, "gtin13">;
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  /** The GTIN-14 code of the product, or the product to which the offer refers */
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  gtin14?: SchemaValue<Text, "gtin14">;
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  /** The GTIN-8 code of the product, or the product to which the offer refers */
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  gtin8?: SchemaValue<Text, "gtin8">;
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  /** Indicates whether this content is family friendly */
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  isFamilyFriendly?: SchemaValue<Boolean, "isFamilyFriendly">;
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  /** A predefined value from the OfferItemCondition enumeration */
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  itemCondition?: SchemaValue<OfferItemCondition, "itemCondition">;
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  /** Keywords or tags used to describe this content */
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  keywords?: SchemaValue<DefinedTerm | Text | URL, "keywords">;
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  /** A logo associated with an organization or product */
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  logo?: SchemaValue<ImageObject | URL, "logo">;
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  /** The manufacturer of the product */
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  manufacturer?: SchemaValue<Organization, "manufacturer">;
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  /** A material that something is made from */
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  material?: SchemaValue<Product | Text | URL, "material">;
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  /** The model of the product */
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  model?: SchemaValue<ProductModel | Text, "model">;
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  /** The Manufacturer Part Number (MPN) of the product */
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  mpn?: SchemaValue<Text, "mpn">;
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  /** An offer to provide this item */
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  offers?: SchemaValue<Demand | Offer, "offers">;
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  /** The product identifier, such as ISBN */
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  productID?: SchemaValue<Text, "productID">;
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  /** The date of production of the item */
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  productionDate?: SchemaValue<Date, "productionDate">;
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  /** The date the item was purchased */
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  purchaseDate?: SchemaValue<Date, "purchaseDate">;
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  /** The release date of a product or product model */
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  releaseDate?: SchemaValue<Date, "releaseDate">;
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  /** A review of the item */
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  review?: SchemaValue<Review, "review">;
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  /** The Stock Keeping Unit (SKU) */
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  sku?: SchemaValue<Text, "sku">;
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  /** A slogan or motto associated with the item */
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  slogan?: SchemaValue<Text, "slogan">;
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  /** The weight of the product or person */
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  weight?: SchemaValue<QuantitativeValue, "weight">;
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  /** The width of the item */
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  width?: SchemaValue<Distance | QuantitativeValue, "width">;
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  /** The height of the item */
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  height?: SchemaValue<Distance | QuantitativeValue, "height">;
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}
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```
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### Product Variants and Collections
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Types for product variations, groupings, and collections.
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```typescript { .api }
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/**
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 * A specific product, either a unique instance of a more generic product or 
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 * a product offered for sale by specific sellers
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 */
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type IndividualProduct = IndividualProductLeaf;
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interface IndividualProductBase extends ProductBase {
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  /** The serial number or any alphanumeric identifier of a particular product */
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  serialNumber?: SchemaValue<Text, "serialNumber">;
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}
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/**
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 * A ProductCollection is a set of products in e-commerce
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 */
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type ProductCollection = ProductCollectionLeaf;
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/**
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 * A ProductGroup represents a group of Products that vary only in certain attributes
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 */
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type ProductGroup = ProductGroupLeaf;
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interface ProductGroupBase extends ProductBase {
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  /** Indicates a textual identifier for a ProductGroup */
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  productGroupID?: SchemaValue<Text, "productGroupID">;
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  /** Indicates the property or properties by which the products in the group vary */
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  variesBy?: SchemaValue<DefinedTerm | Text, "variesBy">;
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}
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/**
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 * A datasheet or vendor specification of a product
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 */
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type ProductModel = ProductModelLeaf;
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interface ProductModelBase extends ProductBase {  
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  /** A pointer to a base product from which this product is a variant */
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  isVariantOf?: SchemaValue<ProductGroup | ProductModel, "isVariantOf">;
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  /** A pointer from a previous, often discontinued variant of the product to its newer variant */
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  predecessorOf?: SchemaValue<ProductModel, "predecessorOf">;
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  /** A pointer from a newer variant of a product to its previous, often discontinued predecessor */
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  successorOf?: SchemaValue<ProductModel, "successorOf">;
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}
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```
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**Usage Examples:**
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```typescript
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import type { Product, IndividualProduct, ProductGroup, ProductModel } from "schema-dts";
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// Basic product
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const smartphone: Product = {
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  "@type": "Product",
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  name: "Galaxy S24",
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  description: "Latest flagship smartphone",
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  brand: {
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    "@type": "Brand",
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    name: "Samsung"
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  },
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  manufacturer: {
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    "@type": "Organization",
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    name: "Samsung Electronics"
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  },
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  model: "SM-S921U",
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  category: "Electronics",
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  color: ["Black", "White", "Purple"],
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  gtin13: "1234567890123",
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  mpn: "SM-S921U-256GB",
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  offers: {
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    "@type": "Offer",
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    price: "999.99",
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    priceCurrency: "USD",
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    availability: "InStock",
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    seller: {
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      "@type": "Organization",
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      name: "Electronics Store"
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    }
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  }
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};
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// Individual product instance
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const specificPhone: IndividualProduct = {
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  "@type": "IndividualProduct",
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  name: "Galaxy S24 - Serial ABC123",
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  model: "SM-S921U",
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  serialNumber: "ABC123456789",
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  color: "Black",
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  productionDate: "2024-02-15",
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  itemCondition: "NewCondition"
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};
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// Product group with variants
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const phoneGroup: ProductGroup = {
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  "@type": "ProductGroup",
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  name: "Galaxy S24 Series",
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  productGroupID: "GALAXY-S24-GROUP",
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  variesBy: ["color", "storage capacity"],
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  hasVariant: [
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    {
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      "@type": "Product",
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      name: "Galaxy S24 128GB Black",
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      color: "Black"
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    },
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    {
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      "@type": "Product", 
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      name: "Galaxy S24 256GB White",
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      color: "White"
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    }
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  ]
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};
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```
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### Offer Types
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Types for pricing, availability, and commercial offers.
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```typescript { .api }
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/**
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 * An offer to transfer some rights to an item or to provide a service
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 */
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type Offer = OfferLeaf | AggregateOffer;
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interface OfferBase extends IntangibleBase {
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  /** The payment method(s) accepted by seller or merchant */
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  acceptedPaymentMethod?: SchemaValue<LoanOrCredit | PaymentMethod, "acceptedPaymentMethod">;
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  /** An additional offer that can only be obtained in combination with the first base offer */
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  addOn?: SchemaValue<Offer, "addOn">;
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  /** The amount of time that is required between accepting the offer and the actual usage of the resource or service */
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  advanceBookingRequirement?: SchemaValue<QuantitativeValue, "advanceBookingRequirement">;
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  /** The overall rating, based on a collection of reviews or ratings, of the item */
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  aggregateRating?: SchemaValue<AggregateRating, "aggregateRating">;
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  /** The geographic area where a service or offered item is provided */
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  areaServed?: SchemaValue<AdministrativeArea | GeoShape | Place | Text, "areaServed">;
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  /** The availability of this item */
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  availability?: SchemaValue<ItemAvailability, "availability">;
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  /** The end of the availability of the product or service included in the offer */
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  availabilityEnds?: SchemaValue<Date | DateTime | Time, "availabilityEnds">;
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  /** The beginning of the availability of the product or service included in the offer */
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  availabilityStarts?: SchemaValue<Date | DateTime | Time, "availabilityStarts">;
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  /** The place(s) from which the offer can be obtained */
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  availableAtOrFrom?: SchemaValue<Place, "availableAtOrFrom">;
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  /** The delivery method(s) available for this offer */
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  availableDeliveryMethod?: SchemaValue<DeliveryMethod, "availableDeliveryMethod">;
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  /** The business function (e.g. sell, lease, repair, dispose) of the offer or component of a bundle */
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  businessFunction?: SchemaValue<BusinessFunction, "businessFunction">;
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  /** A category for the item */
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  category?: SchemaValue<CategoryCode | PhysicalActivityCategory | Text | Thing | URL, "category">;
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  /** The typical delay between the receipt of the order and the goods either leaving the warehouse or being prepared for pickup */
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  deliveryLeadTime?: SchemaValue<QuantitativeValue, "deliveryLeadTime">;
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  /** The type(s) of customers for which the given offer is valid */
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  eligibleCustomerType?: SchemaValue<BusinessEntityType, "eligibleCustomerType">;
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  /** The duration for which the given offer is valid */
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  eligibleDuration?: SchemaValue<QuantitativeValue, "eligibleDuration">;
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  /** The interval and unit of measurement of ordering quantities for which the offer or price specification is valid */
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  eligibleQuantity?: SchemaValue<QuantitativeValue, "eligibleQuantity">;
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  /** The ISO 3166-1 (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2) or ISO 3166-2 code, the place, or the GeoShape for the geo-political region(s) for which the offer or delivery charge specification is valid */
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  eligibleRegion?: SchemaValue<GeoShape | Place | Text, "eligibleRegion">;
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  /** The transaction volume, in a monetary unit, for which the offer or price specification is valid */
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  eligibleTransactionVolume?: SchemaValue<PriceSpecification, "eligibleTransactionVolume">;
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  /** A Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) */
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  gtin?: SchemaValue<Text, "gtin">;
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  /** The GTIN-12 code of the product, or the product to which the offer refers */
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  gtin12?: SchemaValue<Text, "gtin12">;
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  /** The GTIN-13 code of the product, or the product to which the offer refers */
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  gtin13?: SchemaValue<Text, "gtin13">;
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  /** The GTIN-14 code of the product, or the product to which the offer refers */
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  gtin14?: SchemaValue<Text, "gtin14">;
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  /** The GTIN-8 code of the product, or the product to which the offer refers */
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  gtin8?: SchemaValue<Text, "gtin8">;
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  /** This links to a node or nodes indicating the exact quantity of the products included in an Offer or ProductCollection */
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  includesObject?: SchemaValue<TypeAndQuantityNode, "includesObject">;
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  /** The current approximate inventory level for the item or items */
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  inventoryLevel?: SchemaValue<QuantitativeValue, "inventoryLevel">;
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  /** A predefined value from the OfferItemCondition enumeration */
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  itemCondition?: SchemaValue<OfferItemCondition, "itemCondition">;
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  /** An item being offered (or demanded) */
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  itemOffered?: SchemaValue<AggregateOffer | CreativeWork | Event | MenuItem | Product | Service | Trip, "itemOffered">;
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  /** Length of the lease for some Accommodation, either particular to some Offer or in some cases intrinsic to the property */
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  leaseLength?: SchemaValue<Duration | QuantitativeValue, "leaseLength">;
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  /** The Manufacturer Part Number (MPN) of the product, or the product to which the offer refers */
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  mpn?: SchemaValue<Text, "mpn">;
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  /** The offer price of a product, or of a price component when attached to PriceSpecification and its subtypes */
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  price?: SchemaValue<Number | Text, "price">;
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  /** The currency of the price, or a price component when attached to PriceSpecification and its subtypes */
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  priceCurrency?: SchemaValue<Text, "priceCurrency">;
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  /** One or more detailed price specifications, indicating the unit price and delivery or payment charges */
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  priceSpecification?: SchemaValue<PriceSpecification, "priceSpecification">;
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  /** The date after which the price is no longer available */
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  priceValidUntil?: SchemaValue<Date, "priceValidUntil">;
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  /** A review of the item */
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  review?: SchemaValue<Review, "review">;
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  /** An entity which offers (sells / leases / lends / loans) the services or goods */
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  seller?: SchemaValue<Organization | Person, "seller">;
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  /** The serial number or any alphanumeric identifier of a particular product */
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  serialNumber?: SchemaValue<Text, "serialNumber">;
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  /** Indicates information about the shipping policies and options associated with an Offer */
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  shippingDetails?: SchemaValue<OfferShippingDetails, "shippingDetails">;
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  /** The Stock Keeping Unit (SKU), i.e. a merchant-specific identifier for a product or service, or the product to which the offer refers */
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  sku?: SchemaValue<Text, "sku">;
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  /** The date when the item becomes valid */
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  validFrom?: SchemaValue<Date | DateTime, "validFrom">;
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  /** The date after when the item is not valid */
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  validThrough?: SchemaValue<Date | DateTime, "validThrough">;
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  /** The warranty promise(s) included in the offer */
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  warranty?: SchemaValue<WarrantyPromise, "warranty">;
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}
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/**
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 * When a single product is associated with multiple offers (for example, the same pair of shoes offered by different merchants), then AggregateOffer can be used
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 */
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type AggregateOffer = AggregateOfferLeaf;
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interface AggregateOfferBase extends OfferBase {
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  /** The highest price of all offers available */
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  highPrice?: SchemaValue<Number | Text, "highPrice">;
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  /** The lowest price of all offers available */
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  lowPrice?: SchemaValue<Number | Text, "lowPrice">;
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  /** The number of offers for the product */
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  offerCount?: SchemaValue<Integer, "offerCount">;
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  /** An offer to provide this item */
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  offers?: SchemaValue<Offer, "offers">;
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}
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```
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**Usage Examples:**
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```typescript
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import type { Offer, AggregateOffer } from "schema-dts";
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// Single offer
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const laptopOffer: Offer = {
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  "@type": "Offer",
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  itemOffered: {
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    "@type": "Product",
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    name: "MacBook Pro 14-inch",
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    brand: "Apple"
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  },
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  price: "1999.00",
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  priceCurrency: "USD",
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  availability: "InStock",
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  seller: {
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    "@type": "Organization",
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    name: "Apple Store"
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  },
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  validFrom: "2024-01-01",
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  validThrough: "2024-12-31",
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  acceptedPaymentMethod: ["CreditCard", "Cash", "PayPal"],
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  availableDeliveryMethod: "OnSitePickup",
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  warranty: {
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    "@type": "WarrantyPromise",
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    durationOfWarranty: {
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      "@type": "QuantitativeValue",
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      value: 1,
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      unitCode: "ANN"
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    }
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  }
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};
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// Multiple offers aggregated
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const phoneOffers: AggregateOffer = {
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  "@type": "AggregateOffer",
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  itemOffered: {
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    "@type": "Product",
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    name: "iPhone 15",
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    brand: "Apple"
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  },
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  lowPrice: "799.00",
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  highPrice: "899.00",
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  priceCurrency: "USD",
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  offerCount: 5,
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  offers: [
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    {
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      "@type": "Offer",
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      price: "799.00",
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      seller: {
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        "@type": "Organization",
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        name: "Store A"
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      }
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    },
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    {
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      "@type": "Offer",
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      price: "829.00", 
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      seller: {
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        "@type": "Organization",
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        name: "Store B"
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      }
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    }
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  ]
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};
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```
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### Order and Purchase Types
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Types for orders, purchases, and transaction management.
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```typescript { .api }
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/**
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 * An order is a confirmation of a transaction (a receipt), which can contain multiple line items, each represented by an Offer that has been accepted by the customer
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 */
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type Order = OrderLeaf;
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interface OrderBase extends IntangibleBase {
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  /** The offer(s) -- e.g., product, quantity and price combinations -- included in the order */
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  acceptedOffer?: SchemaValue<Offer, "acceptedOffer">;
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  /** The billing address for the order */
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  billingAddress?: SchemaValue<PostalAddress, "billingAddress">;
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  /** An entity that arranges for an exchange between a buyer and a seller */
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  broker?: SchemaValue<Organization | Person, "broker">;
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  /** A number that confirms the given order or payment has been received */
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  confirmationNumber?: SchemaValue<Text, "confirmationNumber">;
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  /** Party placing the order or paying the invoice */
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  customer?: SchemaValue<Organization | Person, "customer">;
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  /** Any discount applied (to an Order) */
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  discount?: SchemaValue<Number | Text, "discount">;
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  /** Code used to redeem a discount */
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  discountCode?: SchemaValue<Text, "discountCode">;
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  /** The currency of the discount */
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  discountCurrency?: SchemaValue<Text, "discountCurrency">;
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  /** Was the offer accepted as a gift for someone other than the buyer */
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  isGift?: SchemaValue<Boolean, "isGift">;
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  /** Date order was placed */
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  orderDate?: SchemaValue<Date | DateTime, "orderDate">;
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  /** The delivery of the parcel related to this order or order item */
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  orderDelivery?: SchemaValue<ParcelDelivery, "orderDelivery">;
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  /** The identifier of the transaction */
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  orderNumber?: SchemaValue<Text, "orderNumber">;
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  /** The current status of the order */
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  orderStatus?: SchemaValue<OrderStatus, "orderStatus">;
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  /** The item ordered */
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  orderedItem?: SchemaValue<OrderItem | Product | Service, "orderedItem">;
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  /** The organization or person from which the product was purchased */
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  seller?: SchemaValue<Organization | Person, "seller">;
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  /** The date payment is due */
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  paymentDue?: SchemaValue<DateTime, "paymentDue">;
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  /** The date that payment is due */
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  paymentDueDate?: SchemaValue<Date | DateTime, "paymentDueDate">;
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  /** The name of the credit card or other method of payment for the order */
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  paymentMethod?: SchemaValue<PaymentMethod, "paymentMethod">;
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  /** An identifier for the method of payment used */
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  paymentMethodId?: SchemaValue<Text, "paymentMethodId">;
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  /** The URL for sending a payment */
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  paymentUrl?: SchemaValue<URL, "paymentUrl">;
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}
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/**
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 * An order item is a line of an order. It includes the quantity and shipping details of a bought offer
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 */
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type OrderItem = OrderItemLeaf;
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interface OrderItemBase extends IntangibleBase {
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  /** The delivery of the parcel related to this order or order item */
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  orderDelivery?: SchemaValue<ParcelDelivery, "orderDelivery">;
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  /** The identifier of the order item */
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  orderItemNumber?: SchemaValue<Text, "orderItemNumber">;
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  /** The current status of the order item */
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  orderItemStatus?: SchemaValue<OrderStatus, "orderItemStatus">;
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  /** The number of the item ordered */
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  orderQuantity?: SchemaValue<Number, "orderQuantity">;
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  /** The item ordered */
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  orderedItem?: SchemaValue<OrderItem | Product | Service, "orderedItem">;
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}
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```
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**Usage Examples:**
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```typescript
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import type { Order, OrderItem } from "schema-dts";
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// Complete order
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const purchaseOrder: Order = {
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  "@type": "Order",
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  orderNumber: "ORD-2024-001234",
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  orderDate: "2024-03-15T10:30:00",
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  orderStatus: "OrderProcessing",
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  customer: {
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    "@type": "Person",
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    name: "John Customer",
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    email: "john@example.com"
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  },
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  seller: {
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    "@type": "Organization",
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    name: "Online Electronics Store"
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  },
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  acceptedOffer: [
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    {
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      "@type": "Offer",
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      itemOffered: {
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        "@type": "Product",
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        name: "Wireless Headphones",
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        sku: "WH-1000XM5"
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      },
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      price: "299.99",
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      priceCurrency: "USD",
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      quantity: 1
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    }
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  ],
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  billingAddress: {
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    "@type": "PostalAddress",
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    streetAddress: "123 Main St",
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    addressLocality: "Anytown",
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    addressRegion: "CA",
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    postalCode: "90210",
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    addressCountry: "US"
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  },
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  paymentMethod: "CreditCard",
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  paymentDue: "2024-03-15T10:30:00",
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  discount: "50.00",
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  discountCode: "SAVE50",
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  discountCurrency: "USD"
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};
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// Individual order item
501
const orderItem: OrderItem = {
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  "@type": "OrderItem",
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  orderItemNumber: "ITEM-001",
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  orderQuantity: 2,
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  orderedItem: {
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    "@type": "Product",
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    name: "USB Cable",
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    sku: "USB-C-001"
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  },
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  orderItemStatus: "OrderInTransit",
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  orderDelivery: {
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    "@type": "ParcelDelivery",
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    expectedArrivalFrom: "2024-03-20",
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    expectedArrivalUntil: "2024-03-22",
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    hasDeliveryMethod: "ParcelService"
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  }
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};
518
```
519

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### Payment and Financial Types
521

522
Types for payment methods, invoices, and financial transactions.
523

524
```typescript { .api }
525
/**
526
 * A payment method is a standardized procedure for transferring the monetary amount for a purchase
527
 */
528
type PaymentMethod = PaymentMethodLeaf | CreditCard | DigitalWallet | PaymentCard;
529

530
/**
531
 * A credit or debit card type as a standardized procedure for transferring the monetary amount for a purchase
532
 */  
533
type CreditCard = CreditCardLeaf;
534
type PaymentCard = PaymentCardLeaf;
535

536
/**
537
 * A statement of the money due for goods or services; a bill
538
 */
539
type Invoice = InvoiceLeaf;
540

541
interface InvoiceBase extends IntangibleBase {
542
  /** The identifier for the account the payment will be applied to */
543
  accountId?: SchemaValue<Text, "accountId">;
544
  /** The time interval used to compute the invoice */
545
  billingPeriod?: SchemaValue<Duration, "billingPeriod">;
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  /** An entity that arranges for an exchange between a buyer and a seller */
547
  broker?: SchemaValue<Organization | Person, "broker">;
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  /** A category for the item */
549
  category?: SchemaValue<CategoryCode | PhysicalActivityCategory | Text | Thing | URL, "category">;
550
  /** A number that confirms the given order or payment has been received */
551
  confirmationNumber?: SchemaValue<Text, "confirmationNumber">;
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  /** Party placing the order or paying the invoice */
553
  customer?: SchemaValue<Organization | Person, "customer">;
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  /** The minimum payment required at this time */
555
  minimumPaymentDue?: SchemaValue<MonetaryAmount | PriceSpecification, "minimumPaymentDue">;
556
  /** The date that payment is due */
557
  paymentDue?: SchemaValue<DateTime, "paymentDue">;
558
  /** The date that payment is due */
559
  paymentDueDate?: SchemaValue<Date | DateTime, "paymentDueDate">;
560
  /** The name of the credit card or other method of payment for the order */
561
  paymentMethod?: SchemaValue<PaymentMethod, "paymentMethod">;
562
  /** An identifier for the method of payment used */
563
  paymentMethodId?: SchemaValue<Text, "paymentMethodId">;
564
  /** The status of payment; whether the invoice has been paid or not */
565
  paymentStatus?: SchemaValue<PaymentStatusType | Text, "paymentStatus">;
566
  /** The service provider, service operator, or service performer; the goods producer */
567
  provider?: SchemaValue<Organization | Person, "provider">;
568
  /** The Order(s) related to this Invoice */
569
  referencesOrder?: SchemaValue<Order, "referencesOrder">;
570
  /** The date the invoice is scheduled to be paid */
571
  scheduledPaymentDate?: SchemaValue<Date, "scheduledPaymentDate">;
572
  /** The total amount due */
573
  totalPaymentDue?: SchemaValue<MonetaryAmount | PriceSpecification, "totalPaymentDue">;
574
}
575
```
576

577
**Usage Examples:**
578

579
```typescript
580
import type { PaymentMethod, CreditCard, Invoice } from "schema-dts";
581

582
// Credit card payment method
583
const creditCard: CreditCard = {
584
  "@type": "CreditCard",
585
  name: "Visa ending in 1234",
586
  paymentMethodId: "card_1234567890"
587
};
588

589
// Invoice
590
const serviceInvoice: Invoice = {
591
  "@type": "Invoice",
592
  confirmationNumber: "INV-2024-5678",
593
  customer: {
594
    "@type": "Organization",
595
    name: "ABC Company"
596
  },
597
  provider: {
598
    "@type": "Organization", 
599
    name: "Consulting Services LLC"
600
  },
601
  paymentDueDate: "2024-04-15",
602
  paymentStatus: "PaymentDue",
603
  totalPaymentDue: {
604
    "@type": "MonetaryAmount",
605
    currency: "USD",
606
    value: "2500.00"
607
  },
608
  minimumPaymentDue: {
609
    "@type": "MonetaryAmount",
610
    currency: "USD", 
611
    value: "500.00"
612
  },
613
  billingPeriod: {
614
    "@type": "Duration",
615
    startDate: "2024-03-01",
616
    endDate: "2024-03-31"
617
  }
618
};
619
```