or run

npx @tessl/cli init

Localization

Support for 48 languages with localized error messages for internationalized applications and global audiences.

Capabilities

Locale Functions

Zod provides localized error messages for 48 languages accessed through the z.locales namespace.

/**
 * Locale error message functions
 * Each function returns an error map for the specific language
 */
namespace locales {
  function en(): ZodErrorMap;      // English
  function ar(): ZodErrorMap;      // Arabic
  function az(): ZodErrorMap;      // Azerbaijani
  function be(): ZodErrorMap;      // Belarusian
  function bg(): ZodErrorMap;      // Bulgarian
  function ca(): ZodErrorMap;      // Catalan
  function cs(): ZodErrorMap;      // Czech
  function da(): ZodErrorMap;      // Danish
  function de(): ZodErrorMap;      // German
  function eo(): ZodErrorMap;      // Esperanto
  function es(): ZodErrorMap;      // Spanish
  function fa(): ZodErrorMap;      // Persian
  function fi(): ZodErrorMap;      // Finnish
  function fr(): ZodErrorMap;      // French
  function frCA(): ZodErrorMap;    // French Canadian
  function he(): ZodErrorMap;      // Hebrew
  function hu(): ZodErrorMap;      // Hungarian
  function hy(): ZodErrorMap;      // Armenian
  function id(): ZodErrorMap;      // Indonesian
  function is(): ZodErrorMap;      // Icelandic
  function it(): ZodErrorMap;      // Italian
  function ja(): ZodErrorMap;      // Japanese
  function ka(): ZodErrorMap;      // Georgian
  function kh(): ZodErrorMap;      // Khmer
  function km(): ZodErrorMap;      // Khmer (alias)
  function ko(): ZodErrorMap;      // Korean
  function lt(): ZodErrorMap;      // Lithuanian
  function mk(): ZodErrorMap;      // Macedonian
  function ms(): ZodErrorMap;      // Malay
  function nl(): ZodErrorMap;      // Dutch
  function no(): ZodErrorMap;      // Norwegian
  function ota(): ZodErrorMap;     // Ottoman Turkish
  function ps(): ZodErrorMap;      // Pashto
  function pl(): ZodErrorMap;      // Polish
  function pt(): ZodErrorMap;      // Portuguese
  function ru(): ZodErrorMap;      // Russian
  function sl(): ZodErrorMap;      // Slovenian
  function sv(): ZodErrorMap;      // Swedish
  function ta(): ZodErrorMap;      // Tamil
  function th(): ZodErrorMap;      // Thai
  function tr(): ZodErrorMap;      // Turkish
  function ua(): ZodErrorMap;      // Ukrainian (alias)
  function uk(): ZodErrorMap;      // Ukrainian
  function ur(): ZodErrorMap;      // Urdu
  function uz(): ZodErrorMap;      // Uzbek
  function vi(): ZodErrorMap;      // Vietnamese
  function yo(): ZodErrorMap;      // Yoruba
  function zhCN(): ZodErrorMap;    // Chinese Simplified
  function zhTW(): ZodErrorMap;    // Chinese Traditional
}

type ZodErrorMap = (
  issue: ZodIssueOptionalMessage,
  ctx: ErrorMapCtx
) => { message: string };

interface ErrorMapCtx {
  defaultError: string;
  data: any;
}

type ZodIssueOptionalMessage = Omit<ZodIssue, 'message'> & { message?: string };

Usage

Setting Global Locale

Configure Zod to use a specific locale for all error messages globally.

import * as z from 'zod';

// Set Spanish error messages globally
z.config({
  localeError: z.locales.es(),
});

// Now all validation errors will be in Spanish
const UserSchema = z.object({
  nombre: z.string().min(3),
  edad: z.number().min(18),
});

try {
  UserSchema.parse({ nombre: 'AB', edad: 15 });
} catch (error) {
  if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {
    console.log(error.issues[0].message);
    // Error message in Spanish
  }
}

// Set Japanese error messages
z.config({
  localeError: z.locales.ja(),
});

// Set German error messages
z.config({
  localeError: z.locales.de(),
});

// Set French error messages
z.config({
  localeError: z.locales.fr(),
});

// Set Chinese Simplified error messages
z.config({
  localeError: z.locales.zhCN(),
});

Per-Schema Locale

Use different locales for specific schemas without affecting global settings.

import * as z from 'zod';

// Schema with Spanish errors
const SpanishSchema = z.string().min(3, {
  errorMap: z.locales.es(),
});

// Schema with French errors
const FrenchSchema = z.number().min(18, {
  errorMap: z.locales.fr(),
});

// Schema with German errors
const GermanSchema = z.object({
  name: z.string(),
  age: z.number(),
}, {
  errorMap: z.locales.de(),
});

Dynamic Locale Selection

Select locale based on user preferences or application settings.

import * as z from 'zod';

function getUserLocale(): string {
  // Get from user settings, browser, or application config
  return navigator.language || 'en';
}

function getZodLocale(locale: string): ZodErrorMap {
  const localeMap: Record<string, () => ZodErrorMap> = {
    'en': z.locales.en,
    'es': z.locales.es,
    'fr': z.locales.fr,
    'de': z.locales.de,
    'ja': z.locales.ja,
    'zh-CN': z.locales.zhCN,
    'zh-TW': z.locales.zhTW,
    'pt': z.locales.pt,
    'ru': z.locales.ru,
    'ar': z.locales.ar,
    'ko': z.locales.ko,
    'it': z.locales.it,
    'nl': z.locales.nl,
    'pl': z.locales.pl,
    'tr': z.locales.tr,
    'vi': z.locales.vi,
    'th': z.locales.th,
    'sv': z.locales.sv,
    'no': z.locales.no,
    'da': z.locales.da,
    'fi': z.locales.fi,
    'cs': z.locales.cs,
    'hu': z.locales.hu,
    'ro': z.locales.ru, // fallback
    'uk': z.locales.uk,
    'he': z.locales.he,
    'id': z.locales.id,
    'ms': z.locales.ms,
    'fa': z.locales.fa,
    'ur': z.locales.ur,
  };

  const localeFunc = localeMap[locale] || localeMap['en'];
  return localeFunc();
}

// Configure based on user locale
const userLocale = getUserLocale();
z.config({
  localeError: getZodLocale(userLocale),
});

Context-Specific Localization

Use different locales for different parts of your application.

import * as z from 'zod';

// English for admin panel
const AdminSchema = z.object({
  username: z.string().min(3),
  role: z.enum(['admin', 'user']),
}, {
  errorMap: z.locales.en(),
});

// Spanish for customer-facing forms
const CustomerSchema = z.object({
  nombre: z.string().min(1),
  email: z.string().email(),
}, {
  errorMap: z.locales.es(),
});

// Multi-language form validation
function validateForm(data: unknown, locale: string) {
  const FormSchema = z.object({
    name: z.string().min(1),
    email: z.string().email(),
    age: z.number().min(18),
  }, {
    errorMap: getZodLocale(locale),
  });

  return FormSchema.safeParse(data);
}

function getZodLocale(locale: string): ZodErrorMap {
  // Implementation from previous example
  return z.locales.en();
}

Mixing Custom and Localized Errors

Combine localized error messages with custom validation messages.

import * as z from 'zod';

// Set global locale
z.config({
  localeError: z.locales.es(),
});

// Schema with mix of localized and custom messages
const UserSchema = z.object({
  // Uses localized error
  name: z.string().min(3),

  // Custom error message (overrides locale)
  email: z.string().email('Por favor ingrese un email válido'),

  // Uses localized error
  age: z.number().min(18),

  // Custom refinement with custom message
  password: z.string().refine(
    (val) => val.length >= 8 && /[A-Z]/.test(val),
    { message: 'La contraseña debe tener al menos 8 caracteres con mayúscula' }
  ),
});

Server-Side Localization

Handle multiple languages on the server based on request headers or user settings.

import * as z from 'zod';

// Express.js example
function createLocalizedValidator(locale: string) {
  return (schema: z.ZodTypeAny) => {
    // Clone schema with localized error map
    return schema.transform((data) => data, {
      errorMap: getZodLocale(locale),
    });
  };
}

function handleRequest(req: any, res: any) {
  const locale = req.headers['accept-language']?.split(',')[0] || 'en';

  const RequestSchema = z.object({
    name: z.string().min(1),
    email: z.string().email(),
  }, {
    errorMap: getZodLocale(locale),
  });

  const result = RequestSchema.safeParse(req.body);

  if (!result.success) {
    return res.status(400).json({
      errors: result.error.format(),
    });
  }

  return res.json({ success: true, data: result.data });
}

function getZodLocale(locale: string): ZodErrorMap {
  // Implementation from previous example
  return z.locales.en();
}

Client-Side Localization

Handle locale changes in client-side applications.

import * as z from 'zod';
import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

function useLocalizedSchema<T extends z.ZodTypeAny>(
  schema: T,
  locale: string
): T {
  useEffect(() => {
    z.config({
      localeError: getZodLocale(locale),
    });
  }, [locale]);

  return schema;
}

// Usage in React component
function RegistrationForm() {
  const [locale, setLocale] = useState('en');

  const FormSchema = useLocalizedSchema(
    z.object({
      name: z.string().min(3),
      email: z.string().email(),
      age: z.number().min(18),
    }),
    locale
  );

  const handleSubmit = (data: unknown) => {
    const result = FormSchema.safeParse(data);

    if (!result.success) {
      // Errors will be in the selected locale
      console.error(result.error.format());
    }
  };

  return (
    <form>
      <select value={locale} onChange={(e) => setLocale(e.target.value)}>
        <option value="en">English</option>
        <option value="es">Español</option>
        <option value="fr">Français</option>
        <option value="de">Deutsch</option>
        <option value="ja">日本語</option>
        <option value="zh-CN">简体中文</option>
      </select>
      {/* Form fields */}
    </form>
  );
}

function getZodLocale(locale: string): ZodErrorMap {
  // Implementation
  return z.locales.en();
}

Available Languages

Complete list of supported languages and their locale codes:

// European Languages
z.locales.en()    // English
z.locales.es()    // Spanish
z.locales.fr()    // French
z.locales.frCA()  // French Canadian
z.locales.de()    // German
z.locales.it()    // Italian
z.locales.pt()    // Portuguese
z.locales.ru()    // Russian
z.locales.uk()    // Ukrainian
z.locales.ua()    // Ukrainian (alias)
z.locales.pl()    // Polish
z.locales.nl()    // Dutch
z.locales.cs()    // Czech
z.locales.da()    // Danish
z.locales.no()    // Norwegian
z.locales.sv()    // Swedish
z.locales.fi()    // Finnish
z.locales.hu()    // Hungarian
z.locales.be()    // Belarusian
z.locales.bg()    // Bulgarian
z.locales.sl()    // Slovenian
z.locales.mk()    // Macedonian
z.locales.lt()    // Lithuanian
z.locales.ca()    // Catalan
z.locales.eo()    // Esperanto
z.locales.is()    // Icelandic

// Middle Eastern & Central Asian
z.locales.ar()    // Arabic
z.locales.he()    // Hebrew
z.locales.tr()    // Turkish
z.locales.ota()   // Ottoman Turkish
z.locales.fa()    // Persian
z.locales.ur()    // Urdu
z.locales.ps()    // Pashto
z.locales.uz()    // Uzbek
z.locales.az()    // Azerbaijani
z.locales.hy()    // Armenian
z.locales.ka()    // Georgian

// Asian Languages
z.locales.ja()    // Japanese
z.locales.ko()    // Korean
z.locales.zhCN()  // Chinese Simplified
z.locales.zhTW()  // Chinese Traditional
z.locales.th()    // Thai
z.locales.vi()    // Vietnamese
z.locales.id()    // Indonesian
z.locales.ms()    // Malay
z.locales.kh()    // Khmer
z.locales.km()    // Khmer (alias)
z.locales.ta()    // Tamil

// African Languages
z.locales.yo()    // Yoruba

Types

namespace locales {
  function en(): ZodErrorMap;
  function ar(): ZodErrorMap;
  function az(): ZodErrorMap;
  function be(): ZodErrorMap;
  function bg(): ZodErrorMap;
  function ca(): ZodErrorMap;
  function cs(): ZodErrorMap;
  function da(): ZodErrorMap;
  function de(): ZodErrorMap;
  function eo(): ZodErrorMap;
  function es(): ZodErrorMap;
  function fa(): ZodErrorMap;
  function fi(): ZodErrorMap;
  function fr(): ZodErrorMap;
  function frCA(): ZodErrorMap;
  function he(): ZodErrorMap;
  function hu(): ZodErrorMap;
  function hy(): ZodErrorMap;
  function id(): ZodErrorMap;
  function is(): ZodErrorMap;
  function it(): ZodErrorMap;
  function ja(): ZodErrorMap;
  function ka(): ZodErrorMap;
  function kh(): ZodErrorMap;
  function km(): ZodErrorMap;
  function ko(): ZodErrorMap;
  function lt(): ZodErrorMap;
  function mk(): ZodErrorMap;
  function ms(): ZodErrorMap;
  function nl(): ZodErrorMap;
  function no(): ZodErrorMap;
  function ota(): ZodErrorMap;
  function ps(): ZodErrorMap;
  function pl(): ZodErrorMap;
  function pt(): ZodErrorMap;
  function ru(): ZodErrorMap;
  function sl(): ZodErrorMap;
  function sv(): ZodErrorMap;
  function ta(): ZodErrorMap;
  function th(): ZodErrorMap;
  function tr(): ZodErrorMap;
  function ua(): ZodErrorMap;
  function uk(): ZodErrorMap;
  function ur(): ZodErrorMap;
  function uz(): ZodErrorMap;
  function vi(): ZodErrorMap;
  function yo(): ZodErrorMap;
  function zhCN(): ZodErrorMap;
  function zhTW(): ZodErrorMap;
}

type ZodErrorMap = (
  issue: ZodIssueOptionalMessage,
  ctx: ErrorMapCtx
) => { message: string };

interface ErrorMapCtx {
  defaultError: string;
  data: any;
}

type ZodIssueOptionalMessage = Omit<ZodIssue, 'message'> & { message?: string };

Version

Tile

Files

localization.mddocs/reference/

Localization

Capabilities

Locale Functions

Usage

Setting Global Locale

Per-Schema Locale

Dynamic Locale Selection

Context-Specific Localization

Mixing Custom and Localized Errors

Server-Side Localization

Client-Side Localization

Available Languages

Types

Version

Tile

Files

localization.md.css-3qkkll{font-size:var(--chakra-font-sizes-sm);font-weight:var(--chakra-font-weights-normal);color:var(--chakra-colors-gray-300);}docs/reference/

Localization

Capabilities

Locale Functions

Usage

Setting Global Locale

Per-Schema Locale

Dynamic Locale Selection

Context-Specific Localization

Mixing Custom and Localized Errors

Server-Side Localization

Client-Side Localization

Available Languages

Types

localization.mddocs/reference/