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# Types
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Google Cloud Pub/Sub provides a comprehensive set of protobuf message types for all API operations. These types define the structure for topics, subscriptions, messages, requests, responses, and configuration objects.
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## Capabilities
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### Core Message Types
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Fundamental types for Pub/Sub messaging operations.
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```python { .api }
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class PubsubMessage:
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    """
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    A message published to or received from Pub/Sub.
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    Attributes:
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    - data: Message payload as bytes
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    - attributes: Key-value pairs for message metadata
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    - message_id: Server-assigned message ID
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    - publish_time: Time when message was published
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    - ordering_key: Optional key for message ordering
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    """
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    data: bytes
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    attributes: MutableMapping[str, str]
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    message_id: str
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    publish_time: Timestamp
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    ordering_key: str
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class ReceivedMessage:
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    """
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    Message received from a pull operation.
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    Attributes:
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    - ack_id: Acknowledgment ID for the message
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    - message: The actual Pub/Sub message
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    - delivery_attempt: Number of delivery attempts
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    """
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    ack_id: str
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    message: PubsubMessage
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    delivery_attempt: int
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```
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### Resource Types
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Types representing Pub/Sub resources like topics and subscriptions.
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```python { .api }
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class Topic:
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    """
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    A Pub/Sub topic resource.
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    Attributes:
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    - name: Topic resource name
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    - labels: User-defined labels
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    - message_storage_policy: Message storage policy
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    - kms_key_name: KMS key for encryption
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    - schema_settings: Schema validation settings
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    - satisfies_pzs: Whether topic satisfies PZS
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    - message_retention_duration: Message retention duration
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    """
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    name: str
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    labels: MutableMapping[str, str]
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    message_storage_policy: MessageStoragePolicy
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    kms_key_name: str
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    schema_settings: SchemaSettings
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    satisfies_pzs: bool
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    message_retention_duration: Duration
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class Subscription:
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    """
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    A Pub/Sub subscription resource.
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    Attributes:
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    - name: Subscription resource name
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    - topic: Topic name this subscription receives messages from
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    - push_config: Push delivery configuration
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    - bigquery_config: BigQuery delivery configuration
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    - cloud_storage_config: Cloud Storage delivery configuration
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    - ack_deadline_seconds: Message acknowledgment deadline
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    - retain_acked_messages: Whether to retain acknowledged messages
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    - message_retention_duration: How long to retain messages
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    - labels: User-defined labels
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    - enable_message_ordering: Whether to enable message ordering
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    - expiration_policy: Subscription expiration policy
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    - filter: Message filter expression
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    - dead_letter_policy: Dead letter queue policy
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    - retry_policy: Message retry policy
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    - detached: Whether subscription is detached from topic
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    - enable_exactly_once_delivery: Whether to enable exactly-once delivery
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    - topic_message_retention_duration: Topic's message retention duration
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    - state: Current subscription state
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    """
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    name: str
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    topic: str
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    push_config: PushConfig
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    bigquery_config: BigQueryConfig
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    cloud_storage_config: CloudStorageConfig
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    ack_deadline_seconds: int
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    retain_acked_messages: bool
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    message_retention_duration: Duration
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    labels: MutableMapping[str, str]
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    enable_message_ordering: bool
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    expiration_policy: ExpirationPolicy
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    filter: str
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    dead_letter_policy: DeadLetterPolicy
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    retry_policy: RetryPolicy
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    detached: bool
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    enable_exactly_once_delivery: bool
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    topic_message_retention_duration: Duration
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    state: Subscription.State
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class Snapshot:
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    """
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    A Pub/Sub snapshot resource.
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    Attributes:
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    - name: Snapshot resource name
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    - topic: Topic name the snapshot was created from
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    - expire_time: When the snapshot expires
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    - labels: User-defined labels
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    """
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    name: str
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    topic: str
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    expire_time: Timestamp
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    labels: MutableMapping[str, str]
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```
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### Request and Response Types
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Types for API requests and responses.
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```python { .api }
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class PublishRequest:
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    """
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    Request to publish messages to a topic.
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    Attributes:
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    - topic: Topic name to publish to
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    - messages: Messages to publish
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    """
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    topic: str
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    messages: Sequence[PubsubMessage]
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class PublishResponse:
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    """
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    Response from publish operation.
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    Attributes:
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    - message_ids: IDs of published messages
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    """
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    message_ids: Sequence[str]
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class PullRequest:
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    """
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    Request to pull messages from subscription.
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    Attributes:
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    - subscription: Subscription name to pull from
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    - return_immediately: Whether to return immediately if no messages
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    - max_messages: Maximum number of messages to return
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    """
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    subscription: str
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    return_immediately: bool
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    max_messages: int
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class PullResponse:
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    """
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    Response from pull operation.
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    Attributes:
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    - received_messages: Messages received from subscription
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    """
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    received_messages: Sequence[ReceivedMessage]
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class StreamingPullRequest:
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    """
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    Request for streaming pull operation.
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    Attributes:
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    - subscription: Subscription name
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    - ack_ids: Message IDs to acknowledge
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    - modify_deadline_seconds: Deadline modifications
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    - modify_deadline_ack_ids: Message IDs for deadline modification
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    - stream_ack_deadline_seconds: Stream acknowledgment deadline
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    - client_id: Client identifier
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    - max_extension_period: Maximum lease extension period
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    """
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    subscription: str
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    ack_ids: Sequence[str]
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    modify_deadline_seconds: Sequence[int]
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    modify_deadline_ack_ids: Sequence[str]
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    stream_ack_deadline_seconds: int
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    client_id: str
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    max_extension_period: Duration
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class StreamingPullResponse:
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    """
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    Response from streaming pull operation.
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    Attributes:
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    - received_messages: Messages received
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    - acknowledge_confirmation: Acknowledgment confirmations
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    - modify_ack_deadline_confirmation: Deadline modification confirmations
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    - subscription_properties: Subscription properties
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    """
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    received_messages: Sequence[ReceivedMessage]
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    acknowledge_confirmation: AcknowledgeConfirmation
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    modify_ack_deadline_confirmation: ModifyAckDeadlineConfirmation
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    subscription_properties: StreamingPullResponse.SubscriptionProperties
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```
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### Configuration Types
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Types for configuring Pub/Sub behavior.
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```python { .api }
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class PushConfig:
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    """
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    Configuration for push delivery to HTTP endpoints.
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    Attributes:
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    - push_endpoint: URL to push messages to
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    - attributes: Endpoint configuration attributes
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    - oidc_token: OIDC token configuration
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    - pubsub_wrapper: Pub/Sub wrapper format
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    - no_wrapper: No wrapper configuration
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    """
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    push_endpoint: str
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    attributes: MutableMapping[str, str]
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    oidc_token: PushConfig.OidcToken
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    pubsub_wrapper: PushConfig.PubsubWrapper
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    no_wrapper: PushConfig.NoWrapper
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class BigQueryConfig:
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    """
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    Configuration for BigQuery delivery.
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    Attributes:
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    - table: BigQuery table name
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    - use_topic_schema: Whether to use topic schema
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    - write_metadata: Whether to write metadata
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    - drop_unknown_fields: Whether to drop unknown fields
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    - state: Current configuration state
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    - use_table_schema: Whether to use table schema
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    - service_account_email: Service account for BigQuery access
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    """
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    table: str
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    use_topic_schema: bool
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    write_metadata: bool
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    drop_unknown_fields: bool
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    state: BigQueryConfig.State
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    use_table_schema: bool
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    service_account_email: str
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class CloudStorageConfig:
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    """
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    Configuration for Cloud Storage delivery.
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    Attributes:
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    - bucket: Cloud Storage bucket name
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    - filename_prefix: Prefix for generated filenames
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    - filename_suffix: Suffix for generated filenames
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    - filename_datetime_format: Datetime format for filenames
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    - text_config: Text format configuration
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    - avro_config: Avro format configuration
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    - max_duration: Maximum duration before file write
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    - max_bytes: Maximum bytes before file write
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    - max_messages: Maximum messages before file write
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    - state: Current configuration state
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    - service_account_email: Service account for Cloud Storage access
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    """
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    bucket: str
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    filename_prefix: str
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    filename_suffix: str
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    filename_datetime_format: str
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    text_config: CloudStorageConfig.TextConfig
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    avro_config: CloudStorageConfig.AvroConfig
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    max_duration: Duration
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    max_bytes: int
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    max_messages: int
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    state: CloudStorageConfig.State
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    service_account_email: str
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class DeadLetterPolicy:
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    """
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    Dead letter queue policy for failed messages.
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    Attributes:
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    - dead_letter_topic: Topic to send failed messages to
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    - max_delivery_attempts: Maximum delivery attempts before dead lettering
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    """
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    dead_letter_topic: str
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    max_delivery_attempts: int
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class RetryPolicy:
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    """
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    Retry policy for message delivery.
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    Attributes:
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    - minimum_backoff: Minimum backoff duration
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    - maximum_backoff: Maximum backoff duration
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    """
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    minimum_backoff: Duration
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    maximum_backoff: Duration
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class ExpirationPolicy:
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    """
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    Subscription expiration policy.
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    Attributes:
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    - ttl: Time-to-live for subscription
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    """
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    ttl: Duration
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class MessageStoragePolicy:
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    """
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    Policy for message storage location.
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    Attributes:
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    - allowed_persistence_regions: Allowed storage regions
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    - enforce_in_transit: Whether to enforce in-transit requirements
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    """
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    allowed_persistence_regions: Sequence[str]
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    enforce_in_transit: bool
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class SchemaSettings:
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    """
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    Schema validation settings.
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    Attributes:
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    - schema: Schema resource name
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    - encoding: Message encoding (JSON or BINARY)
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    - first_revision_id: First revision ID to validate against
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    - last_revision_id: Last revision ID to validate against
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    """
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    schema: str
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    encoding: Encoding
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    first_revision_id: str
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    last_revision_id: str
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```
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### List Operation Types
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Types for listing resources and their responses.
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```python { .api }
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class ListTopicsRequest:
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    """
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    Request to list topics.
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    Attributes:
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    - project: Project to list topics from
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    - page_size: Maximum number of topics to return
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    - page_token: Token for pagination
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    """
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    project: str
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    page_size: int
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    page_token: str
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class ListTopicsResponse:
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    """
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    Response from list topics operation.
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    Attributes:
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    - topics: Topics in the project
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    - next_page_token: Token for next page
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    """
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    topics: Sequence[Topic]
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    next_page_token: str
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class ListSubscriptionsRequest:
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    """
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    Request to list subscriptions.
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    Attributes:
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    - project: Project to list subscriptions from
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    - page_size: Maximum number of subscriptions to return
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    - page_token: Token for pagination
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    """
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    project: str
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    page_size: int
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    page_token: str
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class ListSubscriptionsResponse:
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    """
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    Response from list subscriptions operation.
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    Attributes:
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    - subscriptions: Subscriptions in the project
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    - next_page_token: Token for next page
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    """
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    subscriptions: Sequence[Subscription]
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    next_page_token: str
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class ListSnapshotsRequest:
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    """
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    Request to list snapshots.
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    Attributes:
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    - project: Project to list snapshots from
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    - page_size: Maximum number of snapshots to return
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    - page_token: Token for pagination
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    """
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    project: str
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    page_size: int
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    page_token: str
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class ListSnapshotsResponse:
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    """
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    Response from list snapshots operation.
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    Attributes:
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    - snapshots: Snapshots in the project
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    - next_page_token: Token for next page
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    """
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    snapshots: Sequence[Snapshot]
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    next_page_token: str
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```
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### Management Operation Types
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Types for creating, updating, and deleting resources.
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```python { .api }
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class CreateTopicRequest:
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    """
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    Request to create a topic.
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    Attributes:
454
    - name: Topic name
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    - topic: Topic configuration
456
    """
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    name: str
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    topic: Topic
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461
class UpdateTopicRequest:
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    """
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    Request to update a topic.
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    Attributes:
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    - topic: Updated topic configuration
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    - update_mask: Fields to update
468
    """
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    topic: Topic
471
    update_mask: FieldMask
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class DeleteTopicRequest:
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    """
475
    Request to delete a topic.
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477
    Attributes:
478
    - topic: Topic name to delete
479
    """
480
    
481
    topic: str
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483
class CreateSubscriptionRequest:
484
    """
485
    Request to create a subscription.
486

487
    Attributes:
488
    - name: Subscription name
489
    - subscription: Subscription configuration
490
    """
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492
    name: str
493
    subscription: Subscription
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495
class UpdateSubscriptionRequest:
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    """
497
    Request to update a subscription.
498

499
    Attributes:
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    - subscription: Updated subscription configuration
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    - update_mask: Fields to update
502
    """
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504
    subscription: Subscription
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    update_mask: FieldMask
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507
class DeleteSubscriptionRequest:
508
    """
509
    Request to delete a subscription.
510

511
    Attributes:
512
    - subscription: Subscription name to delete
513
    """
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515
    subscription: str
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517
class DetachSubscriptionRequest:
518
    """
519
    Request to detach a subscription from its topic.
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521
    Attributes:
522
    - subscription: Subscription name to detach
523
    """
524
    
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    subscription: str
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527
class DetachSubscriptionResponse:
528
    """
529
    Response from detach subscription operation.
530
    """
531
    pass
532
```
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### Schema Types
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Types for schema service operations.
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```python { .api }
539
class Schema:
540
    """
541
    A schema resource for message validation.
542

543
    Attributes:
544
    - name: Schema resource name
545
    - type: Schema type (AVRO or PROTOCOL_BUFFER)
546
    - definition: Schema definition string
547
    - revision_id: Current revision ID
548
    - revision_create_time: When revision was created
549
    """
550
    
551
    name: str
552
    type: Schema.Type
553
    definition: str
554
    revision_id: str
555
    revision_create_time: Timestamp
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557
class CreateSchemaRequest:
558
    """
559
    Request to create a schema.
560

561
    Attributes:
562
    - parent: Parent project path
563
    - schema: Schema definition
564
    - schema_id: ID for the new schema
565
    """
566
    
567
    parent: str
568
    schema: Schema
569
    schema_id: str
570

571
class ValidateSchemaRequest:
572
    """
573
    Request to validate a schema.
574

575
    Attributes:
576
    - parent: Parent project path
577
    - schema: Schema to validate
578
    """
579
    
580
    parent: str
581
    schema: Schema
582

583
class ValidateSchemaResponse:
584
    """
585
    Response from schema validation.
586
    """
587
    pass
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589
class ValidateMessageRequest:
590
    """
591
    Request to validate a message against a schema.
592

593
    Attributes:
594
    - parent: Parent project path
595
    - name: Schema name (alternative to schema)
596
    - schema: Schema definition (alternative to name)
597
    - message: Message to validate
598
    - encoding: Message encoding
599
    """
600
    
601
    parent: str
602
    name: str
603
    schema: Schema
604
    message: bytes
605
    encoding: Encoding
606

607
class ValidateMessageResponse:
608
    """
609
    Response from message validation.
610
    """
611
    pass
612
```
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614
### Acknowledgment and Response Types
615

616
Types for acknowledgment operations and their responses.
617

618
```python { .api }
619
class AcknowledgeRequest:
620
    """
621
    Request for acknowledging messages.
622
    
623
    Attributes:
624
    - subscription: Subscription name
625
    - ack_ids: List of acknowledgment IDs to acknowledge
626
    """
627
    
628
    subscription: str
629
    ack_ids: Sequence[str]
630

631
class ModifyAckDeadlineRequest:
632
    """
633
    Request for modifying acknowledgment deadlines.
634
    
635
    Attributes:
636
    - subscription: Subscription name
637
    - ack_ids: List of acknowledgment IDs to modify
638
    - ack_deadline_seconds: New acknowledgment deadline in seconds
639
    """
640
    
641
    subscription: str
642
    ack_ids: Sequence[str]
643
    ack_deadline_seconds: int
644

645
class AcknowledgeConfirmation:
646
    """
647
    Confirmation response for acknowledgment operations.
648
    
649
    Attributes:
650
    - ack_ids: List of acknowledged message IDs
651
    - temporary_failure_ack_ids: List of temporarily failed acknowledgments
652
    - unknown_ack_ids: List of unknown acknowledgment IDs
653
    """
654
    
655
    ack_ids: Sequence[str]
656
    temporary_failure_ack_ids: Sequence[str]
657
    unknown_ack_ids: Sequence[str]
658

659
class ModifyAckDeadlineConfirmation:
660
    """
661
    Confirmation response for deadline modification operations.
662
    
663
    Attributes:
664
    - ack_ids: List of successfully modified acknowledgment IDs
665
    - temporary_failure_ack_ids: List of temporarily failed modifications
666
    - unknown_ack_ids: List of unknown acknowledgment IDs
667
    """
668
    
669
    ack_ids: Sequence[str]
670
    temporary_failure_ack_ids: Sequence[str]
671
    unknown_ack_ids: Sequence[str]
672
```
673

674
### Seek Operation Types
675

676
Types for seeking subscriptions to specific points in time.
677

678
```python { .api }
679
class SeekRequest:
680
    """
681
    Request to seek a subscription.
682
    
683
    Attributes:
684
    - subscription: Subscription name to seek
685
    - time: Seek to a specific timestamp
686
    - snapshot: Seek to a specific snapshot
687
    """
688
    
689
    subscription: str
690
    time: Timestamp
691
    snapshot: str
692

693
class SeekResponse:
694
    """
695
    Response from seek operation.
696
    """
697
    pass
698
```
699

700
### Additional Request Types
701

702
Supplementary request types for various operations.
703

704
```python { .api }
705
class GetTopicRequest:
706
    """
707
    Request to get a topic.
708
    
709
    Attributes:
710
    - topic: Topic name to retrieve
711
    """
712
    
713
    topic: str
714

715
class GetSubscriptionRequest:
716
    """
717
    Request to get a subscription.
718
    
719
    Attributes:
720
    - subscription: Subscription name to retrieve
721
    """
722
    
723
    subscription: str
724

725
class GetSnapshotRequest:
726
    """
727
    Request to get a snapshot.
728
    
729
    Attributes:
730
    - snapshot: Snapshot name to retrieve
731
    """
732
    
733
    snapshot: str
734

735
class ListTopicSubscriptionsRequest:
736
    """
737
    Request to list subscriptions for a topic.
738
    
739
    Attributes:
740
    - topic: Topic name
741
    - page_size: Maximum number of subscriptions to return
742
    - page_token: Token for pagination
743
    """
744
    
745
    topic: str
746
    page_size: int
747
    page_token: str
748

749
class ListTopicSubscriptionsResponse:
750
    """
751
    Response from listing topic subscriptions.
752
    
753
    Attributes:
754
    - subscriptions: List of subscription names
755
    - next_page_token: Token for next page
756
    """
757
    
758
    subscriptions: Sequence[str]
759
    next_page_token: str
760

761
class ListTopicSnapshotsRequest:
762
    """
763
    Request to list snapshots for a topic.
764
    
765
    Attributes:
766
    - topic: Topic name
767
    - page_size: Maximum number of snapshots to return
768
    - page_token: Token for pagination
769
    """
770
    
771
    topic: str
772
    page_size: int
773
    page_token: str
774

775
class ListTopicSnapshotsResponse:
776
    """
777
    Response from listing topic snapshots.
778
    
779
    Attributes:
780
    - snapshots: List of snapshot names
781
    - next_page_token: Token for next page
782
    """
783
    
784
    snapshots: Sequence[str]
785
    next_page_token: str
786

787
class CreateSnapshotRequest:
788
    """
789
    Request to create a snapshot.
790
    
791
    Attributes:
792
    - name: Snapshot name
793
    - subscription: Subscription to create snapshot from
794
    - labels: User-defined labels
795
    """
796
    
797
    name: str
798
    subscription: str
799
    labels: MutableMapping[str, str]
800

801
class UpdateSnapshotRequest:
802
    """
803
    Request to update a snapshot.
804
    
805
    Attributes:
806
    - snapshot: Updated snapshot configuration
807
    - update_mask: Fields to update
808
    """
809
    
810
    snapshot: Snapshot
811
    update_mask: FieldMask
812
```
813

814
### Field Mask and Common Types
815

816
Types for field masks and common protobuf types.
817

818
```python { .api }
819
class FieldMask:
820
    """
821
    Field mask for specifying which fields to update.
822
    
823
    Attributes:
824
    - paths: List of field paths to update
825
    """
826
    
827
    paths: Sequence[str]
828

829
class Timestamp:
830
    """
831
    Protobuf timestamp representation.
832
    
833
    Attributes:
834
    - seconds: Seconds since Unix epoch
835
    - nanos: Nanoseconds within the second
836
    """
837
    
838
    seconds: int
839
    nanos: int
840

841
class Duration:
842
    """
843
    Protobuf duration representation.
844
    
845
    Attributes:
846
    - seconds: Duration in seconds
847
    - nanos: Nanoseconds within the second
848
    """
849
    
850
    seconds: int
851
    nanos: int
852
```
853

854
### Enum Types
855

856
Enumeration types used throughout the API.
857

858
```python { .api }
859
class Encoding(Enum):
860
    """
861
    Message encoding types.
862
    """
863
    
864
    JSON = "JSON"
865
    BINARY = "BINARY"
866

867
class SchemaView(Enum):
868
    """
869
    Schema view types for retrieval.
870
    """
871
    
872
    BASIC = "BASIC"    # Name and type only
873
    FULL = "FULL"      # Complete schema definition
874

875
class Subscription.State(Enum):
876
    """
877
    Subscription states.
878
    """
879
    
880
    ACTIVE = "ACTIVE"
881
    RESOURCE_ERROR = "RESOURCE_ERROR"
882
```
883

884
## Usage Examples
885

886
### Working with Message Types
887

888
```python
889
from google.cloud.pubsub_v1 import types
890
from google.protobuf.timestamp_pb2 import Timestamp
891
import time
892

893
# Create a PubsubMessage
894
message = types.PubsubMessage(
895
    data=b"Hello, World!",
896
    attributes={
897
        "event_type": "user_action",
898
        "user_id": "12345"
899
    },
900
    ordering_key="user-12345"
901
)
902

903
# Create a publish request
904
publish_request = types.PublishRequest(
905
    topic="projects/my-project/topics/my-topic",
906
    messages=[message]
907
)
908
```
909

910
### Topic and Subscription Configuration
911

912
```python
913
from google.cloud.pubsub_v1 import types
914
from google.protobuf.duration_pb2 import Duration
915

916
# Create topic with schema settings
917
schema_settings = types.SchemaSettings(
918
    schema="projects/my-project/schemas/user-events",
919
    encoding=types.Encoding.JSON
920
)
921

922
topic = types.Topic(
923
    name="projects/my-project/topics/user-events",
924
    schema_settings=schema_settings,
925
    labels={"environment": "production"}
926
)
927

928
# Create subscription with dead letter policy
929
dead_letter_policy = types.DeadLetterPolicy(
930
    dead_letter_topic="projects/my-project/topics/user-events-dlq",
931
    max_delivery_attempts=5
932
)
933

934
retry_policy = types.RetryPolicy(
935
    minimum_backoff=Duration(seconds=10),
936
    maximum_backoff=Duration(seconds=300)
937
)
938

939
subscription = types.Subscription(
940
    name="projects/my-project/subscriptions/user-events-sub",
941
    topic="projects/my-project/topics/user-events",
942
    ack_deadline_seconds=60,
943
    dead_letter_policy=dead_letter_policy,
944
    retry_policy=retry_policy,
945
    enable_message_ordering=True,
946
    enable_exactly_once_delivery=True
947
)
948
```
949

950
### Push Configuration
951

952
```python
953
# Configure push endpoint
954
push_config = types.PushConfig(
955
    push_endpoint="https://my-app.example.com/webhook",
956
    attributes={
957
        "x-goog-version": "v1"
958
    }
959
)
960

961
# Subscription with push delivery
962
push_subscription = types.Subscription(
963
    name="projects/my-project/subscriptions/push-sub",
964
    topic="projects/my-project/topics/my-topic",
965
    push_config=push_config
966
)
967
```
968

969
### BigQuery Configuration
970

971
```python
972
# Configure BigQuery delivery
973
bigquery_config = types.BigQueryConfig(
974
    table="my-dataset.my-table",
975
    use_topic_schema=True,
976
    write_metadata=True,
977
    drop_unknown_fields=False
978
)
979

980
bq_subscription = types.Subscription(
981
    name="projects/my-project/subscriptions/bq-sub",
982
    topic="projects/my-project/topics/my-topic",
983
    bigquery_config=bigquery_config
984
)
985
```