Spring Boot Test API Reference

Test Annotations

Spring Boot Test Annotations:

• @SpringBootTest: Load full application context (use sparingly)
• @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT): Full test with random HTTP port
• @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.MOCK): Full test with mock web environment
• @DataJpaTest: Load only JPA components (repositories, entities)
• @WebMvcTest: Load only MVC layer (controllers, @ControllerAdvice)
• @WebFluxTest: Load only WebFlux layer (reactive controllers)
• @JsonTest: Load only JSON serialization components
• @RestClientTest: Load only REST client components
• @AutoConfigureMockMvc: Provide MockMvc bean in @SpringBootTest
• @AutoConfigureWebTestClient: Provide WebTestClient bean for WebFlux tests
• @AutoConfigureTestDatabase: Control test database configuration

Testcontainer Annotations:

• @ServiceConnection: Wire Testcontainer to Spring Boot test (Spring Boot 3.5+)
• @DynamicPropertySource: Register dynamic properties at runtime
• @Container: Mark field as Testcontainer (requires @Testcontainers)
• @Testcontainers: Enable Testcontainers lifecycle management

Test Lifecycle Annotations:

• @BeforeEach: Run before each test method
• @AfterEach: Run after each test method
• @BeforeAll: Run once before all tests in class (must be static)
• @AfterAll: Run once after all tests in class (must be static)
• @DisplayName: Custom test name for reports
• @Disabled: Skip test
• @Tag: Tag tests for selective execution

Test Isolation Annotations:

• @DirtiesContext: Clear Spring context after test (forces rebuild)
• @DirtiesContext(classMode = ClassMode.AFTER_CLASS): Clear after entire class

Common Test Utilities

MockMvc Methods:

• mockMvc.perform(get("/path")): Perform GET request
• mockMvc.perform(post("/path")).contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON): POST with content type
• .andExpect(status().isOk()): Assert HTTP status
• .andExpect(content().contentType("application/json")): Assert content type
• .andExpect(jsonPath("$.field").value("expected")): Assert JSON path value

TestRestTemplate Methods:

• restTemplate.getForEntity("/path", String.class): GET request
• restTemplate.postForEntity("/path", body, String.class): POST request
• response.getStatusCode(): Get HTTP status
• response.getBody(): Get response body

WebTestClient Methods (Reactive):

• webTestClient.get().uri("/path").exchange(): Perform GET request
• .expectStatus().isOk(): Assert status
• .expectBody().jsonPath("$.field").isEqualTo(value): Assert JSON

Test Slices Performance Guidelines

• Unit tests: Complete in <50ms each
• Integration tests: Complete in <500ms each
• Maximize context caching by grouping tests with same configuration
• Reuse Testcontainers at JVM level where possible

Common Test Annotations Reference