HelmRelease (helm.toolkit.fluxcd.io/v2) is managed by helm-controller. It installs, upgrades, tests, and garbage-collects Helm releases with drift detection and structured remediation.

Minimal example

apiVersion: helm.toolkit.fluxcd.io/v2
kind: HelmRelease
metadata:
  name: cert-manager
  namespace: cert-manager
spec:
  interval: 10m
  chartRef:
    kind: OCIRepository
    name: cert-manager
    namespace: flux-system
  values:
    installCRDs: true
  install:
    strategy:
      name: RetryOnFailure    # always use this

Chart source — two mutually exclusive approaches

Approach	When to use	Notes
`spec.chartRef`	OCI chart sources (recommended)	References an existing `OCIRepository` or `HelmChart`; supports Cosign verification
`spec.chart.spec`	HTTPS Helm repos / GitRepository	Auto-creates a `HelmChart` object; cannot be used with `spec.chartRef`

Using `spec.chartRef` (OCI — recommended)

spec:
  chartRef:
    kind: OCIRepository
    name: cert-manager
    namespace: flux-system

Using `spec.chart.spec` (HTTPS repo)

spec:
  chart:
    spec:
      chart: cert-manager
      version: ">=1.13.0"
      sourceRef:
        kind: HelmRepository
        name: jetstack
        namespace: flux-system

Do not set both — they are mutually exclusive.

Values merging

Sources are applied in sequence, each layer overriding the previous:

spec:
  valuesFrom:
    - kind: ConfigMap
      name: cert-manager-values       # base values
      valuesKey: values.yaml
    - kind: Secret
      name: cert-manager-secrets      # sensitive overrides
      valuesKey: values.yaml
      optional: true
  values:
    # inline values — applied last, highest precedence
    replicaCount: 2

ConfigMaps/Secrets used in valuesFrom should carry:

labels:
  reconcile.fluxcd.io/watch: Enabled    # triggers immediate HelmRelease reconciliation on change

Install / upgrade strategy

Always use RetryOnFailure — it retries without uninstalling or rolling back, avoiding downtime and data loss:

spec:
  install:
    strategy:
      name: RetryOnFailure
      retryInterval: 3m    # how long to wait between retries (default: interval)
  upgrade:
    strategy:
      name: RetryOnFailure
      retryInterval: 3m
    cleanupOnFail: true
    force: false    # set true only for immutable field changes

Set retryInterval shorter than spec.interval for faster recovery from transient failures. Without it, Flux waits the full reconciliation interval between retries.

Do not mix modern install.strategy with legacy install.remediation.retries — they are mutually exclusive.

Drift detection

Mode	Behaviour
`disabled`	No detection (default)
`warn`	Detects and reports but does not correct
`enabled`	Detects and corrects on every reconciliation

spec:
  driftDetection:
    mode: enabled
    ignore:
      - paths:
          - /spec/replicas    # exclude HPA-managed field
        target:
          kind: Deployment

CRD lifecycle

Value	Install	Upgrade
`Create` (default)	Installs CRDs	Skips — does not upgrade existing CRDs
`Skip`	Skips CRDs	Skips CRDs
`CreateReplace`	Installs CRDs	Replaces CRDs — use for breaking CRD upgrades

spec:
  install:
    crds: CreateReplace
  upgrade:
    crds: CreateReplace

Dependencies

Wait until listed HelmReleases or Kustomizations are Ready before proceeding:

spec:
  dependsOn:
    - name: cert-manager
      namespace: cert-manager
    - name: ingress-nginx
      namespace: ingress-nginx

Health check expressions

CEL expressions for custom resource readiness — evaluated when wait: true is active:

spec:
  healthCheckExprs:
    - apiVersion: apps/v1
      kind: Deployment
      current: >
        object.status.conditions.filter(e, e.type == 'Available').all(e, e.status == 'True')
      inProgress: >
        object.status.conditions.filter(e, e.type == 'Progressing').exists(e, e.status == 'True')
      failed: >
        object.status.replicas > 0 && object.status.readyReplicas == 0

Post-renderers

Kustomize patches applied after Helm templating, before apply. Useful for injecting annotations, sidecars, or overriding fields the chart doesn't expose as values:

spec:
  postRenderers:
    - kustomize:
        patches:
          - target:
              kind: Deployment
              name: ".*"
            patch: |
              - op: add
                path: /spec/template/metadata/annotations/prometheus.io~1scrape
                value: "true"
          - target:
              kind: Ingress
              name: ".*"
            patch: |
              - op: add
                path: /metadata/annotations/nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io~1ssl-redirect
                value: "true"

Multiple post-renderers execute sequentially — each renderer's output feeds into the next.

Remote cluster deployment

spec:
  kubeConfig:
    secretRef:
      name: remote-cluster-kubeconfig
      key: value

Status tracking

status:
  conditions:
    - type: Ready
      status: "True"
  history:
    - chartVersion: "1.13.3"
      digest: sha256:abc123...
      firstDeployed: "2024-01-15T10:00:00Z"
      lastDeployed: "2024-01-20T14:30:00Z"
  lastAppliedRevision: "1.13.3+sha256:abc123"
  lastAttemptedRevision: "1.13.3+sha256:abc123"

Validation

# Status overview
flux get helmreleases -A

# Detailed reconciliation trace
kubectl describe helmrelease cert-manager -n cert-manager
flux logs --kind=HelmRelease --name=cert-manager --namespace=cert-manager

# Force immediate reconciliation
flux reconcile helmrelease cert-manager -n cert-manager --with-source

# Check rendered values
kubectl get secret -n cert-manager sh.helm.release.v1.cert-manager.v1 -o jsonpath='{.data.release}' | base64 -d | base64 -d | gunzip | jq '.config'

Namespace management

Never use targetNamespace or createNamespace on a HelmRelease. These bypass proper namespace lifecycle management — the namespace is created outside GitOps control and won't be pruned correctly.

Instead, create the target namespace in the parent Kustomization or ResourceSet that deploys the component:

# ❌ Wrong — namespace created outside lifecycle control
spec:
  targetNamespace: cert-manager
  install:
    createNamespace: true

# ✅ Correct — namespace owned by the Kustomization
# In the Kustomization that owns this HelmRelease, include a Namespace manifest:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: cert-manager

The namespace must exist before the HelmRelease runs — create it in the parent Kustomization or ResourceSet, never in the HelmRelease itself.

Common mistakes

Mistake	Correct approach
`spec.chart.spec` with `spec.chartRef` set	Mutually exclusive — use one only
`install.remediation.retries` (legacy)	Use `install.strategy.name: RetryOnFailure`
`valuesFrom` ConfigMap without watch label	Add `reconcile.fluxcd.io/watch: Enabled` or changes won't trigger reconciliation
`driftDetection.mode: enabled` without ignore rules	HPA-managed `replicas` will fight with Flux — always ignore `/spec/replicas`
`targetNamespace` + `createNamespace: true` on HelmRelease	Create the namespace in the parent Kustomization/ResourceSet instead
No `retryInterval` on strategy	Flux waits the full `spec.interval` between retries — set `strategy.retryInterval: 3m` for faster recovery