BDD Testing

When to Use

Use this skill when behavior needs to be specified and validated in shared, business-readable scenarios.

When Not to Use

Do not use BDD feature files for low-level unit behavior that is internal and not stakeholder-facing.

Core Principles

1. Specify observable behavior, not implementation details.
2. Keep a shared language across product, engineering, and QA.
3. Scenarios should be deterministic and independently executable.
4. Feature files should remain readable by non-developers.

Deterministic Workflow

1. Align on examples in a Three Amigos discussion.
2. Write scenarios in Gherkin using Given/When/Then.
3. Implement step definitions that map to business language.
4. Execute Cucumber and review failures by scenario intent.
   • Validation checkpoint: If scenarios fail due to incorrect business logic, loop back to step 2 to clarify requirements.
   • Validation checkpoint: If scenarios fail due to step definition errors or missing steps, loop back to step 3 to fix implementation.
   • Error recovery: Run npx cucumber-js --dry-run to identify missing step definitions before full execution.
   • Error recovery: For async timing issues, verify step definitions properly await promises.
5. Refactor scenarios and steps to remove duplication.

Quick Commands

Run all feature tests

npx cucumber-js features

Expected result: scenario pass/fail summary and non-zero exit on failures.

Dry-run to detect missing step definitions

npx cucumber-js --dry-run features

Expected result: undefined steps listed without full execution.

Run a tagged subset

npx cucumber-js --tags "@smoke and not @wip"

Expected result: only matching scenarios execute.

Generate JSON report

npx cucumber-js --format json:reports/cucumber-report.json

Expected result: machine-readable execution report for CI/reporting.

Troubleshoot common Cucumber failures

Step definition mismatch:

npx cucumber-js --dry-run features

Expected result: lists undefined steps that need implementation or have mismatched patterns.

Async timing issues:

Check that step definitions return or await promises. Steps that don't wait for async operations will complete before actions finish.

Pattern: Ensure async functions use await for all asynchronous calls.

Evaluate this skill quality

sh skills/skill-quality-auditor/scripts/evaluate.sh bdd-testing --json

Expected result: updated quality dimensions and grade.

Constraints

Hard Constraints

• Use business-facing language in feature files.
• Keep each scenario focused on one behavior.
• Avoid cross-scenario state coupling.

Soft Constraints

• Scenario count per feature should stay manageable.
• Prefer explicit examples over abstract wording.
• Reuse step phrases only when semantics are identical.

Anti-Patterns

NEVER encode implementation details in Gherkin steps

WHY: Implementation-centric steps break when internals change.

BAD: When I click the submit button and call validateForm() GOOD: When I submit the form

Consequence: Scenarios become brittle and unreadable to stakeholders.

NEVER skip Three Amigos before writing key scenarios

WHY: Missing perspectives create ambiguous or incomplete acceptance behavior.

BAD: Engineering writes scenarios alone from assumptions. GOOD: Product, QA, and engineering align on examples first.

Consequence: Rework increases and acceptance disputes appear late.

NEVER use vague Then steps without observable outcomes

WHY: Unverifiable outcomes cannot fail meaningfully.

BAD: Then it should work correctly GOOD: Then I should see "Order confirmed"

Consequence: Tests pass without validating user-visible behavior.

NEVER couple scenarios with ordering dependencies

WHY: Scenario order dependence creates flaky suites.

BAD: Scenario B assumes data created by scenario A. GOOD: Each scenario creates or mocks its own prerequisites.

Consequence: Parallel runs and CI become unstable.

References

• references/principles-core-philosophy.md
• references/gherkin-syntax.md
• references/principles-three-amigos.md
• references/principles-example-mapping.md
• references/cucumber-setup.md