IMPORTANT: EXECUTION CONTEXT This skill describes what to do — domain patterns and decision-making. It does NOT describe how to call the API.

1. If you have wsh_* tools (check your toolkit for wsh_send_input, wsh_get_screen, etc.): use them directly. Operation names in this skill generally map to tool names (e.g., "send input" → wsh_send_input). When in doubt, list your available wsh_* tools.
2. If you do NOT have wsh_* tools: you are in HTTP/curl fallback mode. DO NOT GUESS endpoints or CLI subcommands. Load the full API reference first: search your workspace for skills/core/ and read SKILL.md. It contains every endpoint with working curl examples and a bootstrap sequence.
3. Quick bootstrap: curl -sf --unix-socket ${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR:-/tmp}/wsh/default.http.sock http://localhost/health — if that fails: wsh server -L agent-$$ --ephemeral & and retry.

wsh:multi-session — Parallel Terminal Sessions

Sometimes one terminal isn't enough. You need to run a build while tailing logs. Run tests across three environments simultaneously. Drive multiple processes that each need independent input and output. Multi-session gives you this.

When to Use Multiple Sessions

Use multi-session when:

• Tasks are independent and can run in parallel
• You need isolated environments (different directories, different env vars, different shells)
• A long-running process needs monitoring while you work in another session
• You're coordinating multiple tools that each need their own terminal

Don't use multi-session when:

• A single shell with && or & would suffice
• The tasks are strictly sequential
• You only need to run one thing at a time

Prerequisites

wsh always runs as a server daemon, so multi-session is always available. The sessions API endpoint is at /sessions/. You create sessions explicitly and interact with each via /sessions/:name/ prefix.

If you're in an attached wsh session (started with wsh), there's already a default session. You can create additional sessions via the API alongside it.

Creating Sessions

Give each session a descriptive name that reflects its purpose:

create session "build"
create session "test" with command: npm test --watch
create session "logs" with command: tail -f /var/log/app.log

You can specify:

• name — identifier (auto-generated if omitted)
• command — run a specific command instead of a shell
• rows, cols — terminal dimensions
• cwd — working directory
• env — environment variables (object of key-value pairs)
• tags — string labels for grouping and filtering

A session with a command will exit when that command finishes. A session without one starts an interactive shell that persists until you kill it.

Listing and Inspecting

list sessions
get session "build"

Ending Sessions

Prefer a graceful exit when the session is running an interactive program:

# Exit a shell
send input to "build": exit\n

# Quit a TUI
send input to "monitor": q

The session will close automatically when its process exits.

If the process is stuck or you don't care about graceful shutdown, force-kill it:

kill session "build"

This terminates the process immediately. Clean up after yourself — don't leave orphaned sessions running.

Renaming Sessions

If a session's purpose changes:

rename session "build" to "build-v2"

Working Across Sessions

The power of multi-session is parallelism. Here are the common coordination patterns.

Fan-Out: Run in Parallel, Gather Results

Spawn several sessions, kick off work in each, then poll them for completion. Tag them for easy group operations:

# Create sessions and start work (all tagged "ci")
create session "test-unit" tagged: ci, send: npm run test:unit
create session "test-e2e" tagged: ci, send: npm run test:e2e
create session "lint" tagged: ci, send: npm run lint

# Poll each for completion
for each session:
    wait for idle
    read screen
    check for shell prompt (done) or still running

# Gather results
read scrollback from each session
report combined results

This is the most common pattern. The key insight: you don't have to wait for one to finish before checking another.

Best approach — wait for any session (with tag filter):

wait for idle on sessions tagged "ci" (timeout 1000ms)
# returns the name of whichever session settled first
# read its screen, check if done
# repeat with last_session + last_generation to avoid
# re-returning the same session immediately

This races all tagged sessions and returns the first to settle. Much more efficient than polling each one individually. The tag filter ensures unrelated sessions don't interfere.

Alternative — poll round-robin:

await idle test-unit (short timeout, 1000ms, fresh=true)
await idle test-e2e (short timeout, 1000ms, fresh=true)
await idle lint (short timeout, 1000ms, fresh=true)
# repeat until all show shell prompts
# fresh=true prevents busy-loop storms when a session is idle

Watcher: Long-Running Process + Working Session

One session runs something persistent (a dev server, log tail, file watcher). Other sessions do active work. Periodically check the watcher for relevant output:

create session "server", send: npm run dev
create session "work"

# Do work in the work session
send to "work": curl localhost:3000/api/health

# Check server session for errors if something fails
read screen from "server"

Pipeline: Sequential Handoff

One session's output informs the next session's input. This isn't true parallelism — it's staged work:

create session "build"
send to "build": cargo build 2>&1 | tee /tmp/build.log
wait for build to finish

create session "deploy"
send to "deploy": ./deploy.sh
# only if build succeeded

Cross-Server Sessions (Federation)

When wsh is configured as a federated cluster, sessions can span multiple servers. A hub server orchestrates one or more backend servers, and the session list aggregates across all healthy backends transparently.

What changes with federation:

• Sessions created on a specific backend include a server field indicating which machine they live on
• Session listing without a server filter returns sessions from all healthy servers in the cluster
• Tag-based workflows (fan-out, wait-for-idle with tag filter) work transparently across server boundaries — tags are cluster-wide, not per-server
• The wait-for-any-session idle detection races across all backends, returning whichever session settles first

What stays the same:

• The send/wait/read/decide loop is identical
• Session operations are automatically routed to the right server — you don't need to track which server owns which session after creation
• Tags, naming conventions, and cleanup discipline all apply

For detailed guidance on distributed session management, server health monitoring, and failure handling, see the wsh:cluster-orchestration skill.

Pitfalls

Session Sprawl

It's easy to create sessions and forget about them. Every session is a running process consuming resources. Adopt a discipline:

• Create sessions with a clear purpose
• Destroy or exit sessions as soon as their purpose is served
• Before creating new sessions, list existing ones to see if you can reuse one
• If you're doing a fan-out, clean up all sessions when the fan-out is complete

Naming and Tagging Discipline

Names are how you identify individual sessions. Tags are how you group them. Use both for organization:

Good: "test-unit", "test-e2e", "build-frontend"
Bad:  "session1", "s2", "tmp"

If you're creating sessions in a loop, use a predictable naming scheme so you can iterate over them later:

test-0, test-1, test-2
build-api, build-web, build-docs

Tags let you group related sessions for bulk operations. Tag all test sessions with "test", all build sessions with "build", then list or wait-for-idle on just that group:

create "test-unit" tagged: test
create "test-e2e" tagged: test
create "lint" tagged: test

list sessions tagged "test"
wait for idle on sessions tagged "test"

Tags can be added and removed after creation, so you can re-categorize sessions as their role changes.

Don't Multiplex What Doesn't Need It

If you just need to run three commands in sequence, one session with && is simpler than three sessions. Multi-session adds overhead — session creation, polling, cleanup. Only use it when you genuinely need parallelism or isolation.

Session Exit Detection

A session running a specific command (not a shell) will exit when that command finishes. The session disappears from the sessions list. If you're polling and a session vanishes, the process finished — read its output before it's gone, or redirect output to a file you can read from another session.

Context Isolation Cuts Both Ways

Each session is independent — different working directory, different environment, different shell history. If you cd in one session, the others are unaffected. This is useful for isolation but means you can't share state between sessions through shell variables. Use files, environment variables at creation time, or the filesystem as shared state.