Format Utilities

/**
 * Parquet format utilities extending FileFormatUtils
 * Provides Parquet-specific operations and optimizations
 */
public class ParquetUtils extends FileFormatUtils {
    
    /**
     * Read Parquet file metadata
     * @param storage - HoodieStorage instance for file access
     * @param parquetFilePath - Path to Parquet file
     * @return ParquetMetadata containing file metadata
     */
    public static ParquetMetadata readMetadata(HoodieStorage storage, StoragePath parquetFilePath);
    
    /**
     * Filter row keys from Parquet file
     * Efficiently reads only row keys that match the filter set
     * @param storage - HoodieStorage instance for file access
     * @param filePath - Path to Parquet file
     * @param filter - Set of keys to filter for
     * @return Set of Pair<String, Long> containing matching keys and row numbers
     */
    public Set<Pair<String, Long>> filterRowKeys(HoodieStorage storage, StoragePath filePath, 
                                                 Set<String> filter);
    
    /**
     * Get compression codec name from string
     * @param codecName - String name of codec
     * @return CompressionCodecName enum value
     */
    public static CompressionCodecName getCompressionCodecName(String codecName);
    
    /**
     * Fetch record keys with their positions
     * @param storage - HoodieStorage instance for file access
     * @param filePath - Path to Parquet file
     * @return ClosableIterator of Pair<HoodieKey, Long> containing keys and positions
     */
    public ClosableIterator<Pair<HoodieKey, Long>> fetchRecordKeysWithPositions(HoodieStorage storage, 
                                                                                StoragePath filePath);
    
    /**
     * Get HoodieKey iterator for records in file
     * @param storage - HoodieStorage instance for file access
     * @param filePath - Path to Parquet file
     * @return ClosableIterator of HoodieKey records
     */
    public ClosableIterator<HoodieKey> getHoodieKeyIterator(HoodieStorage storage, StoragePath filePath);
    
    /**
     * Read Parquet schema as MessageType
     * @param storage - HoodieStorage instance for file access
     * @param parquetFilePath - Path to Parquet file
     * @return MessageType schema
     */
    public MessageType readSchema(HoodieStorage storage, StoragePath parquetFilePath);
    
    /**
     * Read Avro schema from Parquet file
     * @param storage - HoodieStorage instance for file access
     * @param filePath - Path to Parquet file
     * @return Avro Schema
     */
    public Schema readAvroSchema(HoodieStorage storage, StoragePath filePath);
    
    /**
     * Read column statistics from Parquet metadata
     * @param storage - HoodieStorage instance for file access
     * @param filePath - Path to Parquet file
     * @param columnNames - List of column names to read stats for
     * @return List of HoodieColumnRangeMetadata with statistics
     */
    public List<HoodieColumnRangeMetadata<Comparable>> readColumnStatsFromMetadata(HoodieStorage storage,
                                                                                   StoragePath filePath,
                                                                                   List<String> columnNames);
    
    /**
     * Read all Avro records from Parquet file
     * @param storage - HoodieStorage instance for file access
     * @param filePath - Path to Parquet file
     * @return List of GenericRecord objects
     */
    public List<GenericRecord> readAvroRecords(HoodieStorage storage, StoragePath filePath);
    
    /**
     * Read Avro records from Parquet file with specific schema
     * @param storage - HoodieStorage instance for file access
     * @param filePath - Path to Parquet file
     * @param schema - Avro schema to use for reading
     * @return List of GenericRecord objects
     */
    public List<GenericRecord> readAvroRecords(HoodieStorage storage, StoragePath filePath, Schema schema);
    
    /**
     * Get row count from Parquet file
     * @param storage - HoodieStorage instance for file access
     * @param filePath - Path to Parquet file
     * @return Number of rows in the file
     */
    public long getRowCount(HoodieStorage storage, StoragePath filePath);
    
    /**
     * Get file format
     * @return HoodieFileFormat.PARQUET
     */
    public HoodieFileFormat getFormat();
}

/**
 * ORC format utilities extending FileFormatUtils
 * Provides ORC-specific operations and optimizations
 */
public class OrcUtils extends FileFormatUtils {
    // ORC-specific file format utility methods
    // Includes metadata reading, schema extraction, and optimization hints
    // for working with ORC files in Hadoop environments
}

/**
 * HFile format utilities extending FileFormatUtils
 * Provides HFile-specific operations for HBase integration
 */
public class HFileUtils extends FileFormatUtils {
    // HFile-specific file format utility methods
    // Includes HBase integration, key-value operations, and
    // specialized access patterns for HFile format
}

/**
 * Utilities for Avro-ORC conversions
 * Handles schema conversion and type mapping between formats
 */
public class AvroOrcUtils {
    
    /**
     * Create ORC schema from Avro schema
     * @param avroSchema - Avro Schema to convert
     * @return ORC TypeDescription equivalent
     */
    public static TypeDescription createOrcSchema(Schema avroSchema);
    
    /**
     * Create Avro schema from ORC TypeDescription
     * @param orcSchema - ORC TypeDescription to convert
     * @return Avro Schema equivalent
     */
    public static Schema createAvroSchema(TypeDescription orcSchema);
    
    /**
     * Create Avro schema with default values from ORC schema
     * @param orcSchema - ORC TypeDescription to convert
     * @param recordName - Name for the record
     * @param namespace - Namespace for the schema
     * @param nullable - Whether fields should be nullable
     * @return Avro Schema with default values
     */
    public static Schema createAvroSchemaWithDefaultValue(TypeDescription orcSchema, String recordName, 
                                                          String namespace, boolean nullable);
    
    /**
     * Add value to ORC column vector
     * @param type - ORC type description
     * @param colVector - Column vector to add to
     * @param avroSchema - Avro schema for the value
     * @param value - Value to add
     * @param vectorPos - Position in vector
     */
    public static void addToVector(TypeDescription type, ColumnVector colVector, Schema avroSchema, 
                                   Object value, int vectorPos);
    
    /**
     * Read value from ORC column vector
     * @param type - ORC type description
     * @param colVector - Column vector to read from
     * @param avroSchema - Avro schema for the value
     * @param vectorPos - Position in vector
     * @return Object value read from vector
     */
    public static Object readFromVector(TypeDescription type, ColumnVector colVector, Schema avroSchema, 
                                        int vectorPos);
    
    /**
     * Get column names from ORC schema
     * @param orcSchema - ORC TypeDescription
     * @return List of column names in order
     */
    public static List<String> getOrcColumnNames(TypeDescription orcSchema);
    
    /**
     * Get field mapping from ORC schema
     * @param orcSchema - ORC TypeDescription
     * @return Map of field names to TypeDescription
     */
    public static Map<String, TypeDescription> getOrcFields(TypeDescription orcSchema);
}

/**
 * Hadoop configuration utilities
 * Provides optimized configurations for different scenarios
 */
public class HadoopConfigUtils {
    
    /**
     * Get optimized configuration for reading operations
     * @param conf - Base Hadoop configuration
     * @return Configuration optimized for reading
     */
    public static Configuration getReaderConf(Configuration conf);
    
    /**
     * Add shutdown hook for configuration cleanup
     * @param conf - Hadoop configuration
     * @return Configuration with shutdown hook added
     */
    public static Configuration addShutdownHook(Configuration conf);
}

// Example Avro schema
{
  "type": "record",
  "name": "User",
  "fields": [
    {"name": "id", "type": "long"},
    {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
    {"name": "email", "type": ["null", "string"], "default": null},
    {"name": "scores", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "int"}},
    {"name": "metadata", "type": {"type": "map", "values": "string"}}
  ]
}

// Converts to ORC TypeDescription:
// struct<id:bigint,name:string,email:string,scores:array<int>,metadata:map<string,string>>

// ORC TypeDescription: struct<product_id:bigint,product_name:string,price:decimal(10,2)>
// 
// Converts to Avro schema:
{
  "type": "record",
  "name": "Product",
  "fields": [
    {"name": "product_id", "type": "long"},
    {"name": "product_name", "type": "string"},
    {"name": "price", "type": {"type": "bytes", "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": 10, "scale": 2}}
  ]
}

/**
 * HFile-based bootstrap index utilities
 * Provides integration with HBase for efficient indexing
 */
public class HFileBootstrapIndex {
    
    /**
     * Key-value comparator for HBase integration
     * Provides proper ordering for HFile operations
     */
    public static class HoodieKVComparator extends CellComparatorImpl {
        // Specialized comparator for Hudi key-value pairs
        // Ensures proper ordering in HFile structures
    }
}

/**
 * HBase HFile bootstrap index reader
 * Provides efficient reading of bootstrap index data
 */
public class HBaseHFileBootstrapIndexReader {
    // Methods for reading bootstrap index data from HFiles
    // Optimized for HBase storage patterns
}

/**
 * HBase HFile bootstrap index writer  
 * Provides efficient writing of bootstrap index data
 */
public class HBaseHFileBootstrapIndexWriter {
    // Methods for writing bootstrap index data to HFiles
    // Optimized for HBase storage patterns and bulk loading
}

import org.apache.hudi.common.util.*;
import org.apache.avro.Schema;
import org.apache.orc.TypeDescription;
import org.apache.parquet.hadoop.metadata.ParquetMetadata;

// Working with Parquet files
HoodieStorage storage = new HoodieHadoopStorage(storagePath, storageConf);
StoragePath parquetFile = new StoragePath("/data/table/partition/file.parquet");

// Read Parquet metadata
ParquetMetadata metadata = ParquetUtils.readMetadata(storage, parquetFile);
System.out.println("Number of rows: " + metadata.getBlocks().get(0).getRowCount());
System.out.println("Number of columns: " + metadata.getFileMetaData().getSchema().getColumns().size());

// Filter row keys from Parquet file
Set<String> keysToFind = Set.of("key1", "key2", "key3");
Set<Pair<String, Long>> foundKeys = ParquetUtils.filterRowKeys(storage, parquetFile, keysToFind);
for (Pair<String, Long> keyRow : foundKeys) {
    System.out.println("Found key: " + keyRow.getLeft() + " at row: " + keyRow.getRight());
}

// Schema conversion between Avro and ORC
String avroSchemaJson = """
{
  "type": "record",
  "name": "Customer",
  "fields": [
    {"name": "customer_id", "type": "long"},
    {"name": "name", "type": "string"},
    {"name": "email", "type": ["null", "string"], "default": null},
    {"name": "orders", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "string"}},
    {"name": "preferences", "type": {"type": "map", "values": "string"}}
  ]
}
""";

Schema avroSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(avroSchemaJson);

// Convert Avro to ORC
TypeDescription orcSchema = AvroOrcUtils.createOrcSchema(avroSchema);
System.out.println("ORC Schema: " + orcSchema.toString());
// Output: struct<customer_id:bigint,name:string,email:string,orders:array<string>,preferences:map<string,string>>

// Convert back to Avro
Schema convertedBackSchema = AvroOrcUtils.createAvroSchema(orcSchema);
System.out.println("Converted back to Avro: " + convertedBackSchema.toString(true));

// Get ORC column information
List<String> columnNames = AvroOrcUtils.getOrcColumnNames(orcSchema);
System.out.println("Column names: " + columnNames);
// Output: [customer_id, name, email, orders, preferences]

Map<String, TypeDescription> fields = AvroOrcUtils.getOrcFields(orcSchema);
for (Map.Entry<String, TypeDescription> field : fields.entrySet()) {
    System.out.println("Field: " + field.getKey() + ", Type: " + field.getValue().getCategory());
}

// Optimized Hadoop configuration for reading
Configuration baseConf = new Configuration();
Configuration readerConf = HadoopConfigUtils.getReaderConf(baseConf);

// Add shutdown hook for cleanup
Configuration confWithHook = HadoopConfigUtils.addShutdownHook(readerConf);

// Working with different file formats
StoragePath orcFile = new StoragePath("/data/table/partition/file.orc");
StoragePath hfile = new StoragePath("/data/index/region/family/hfile");

// ORC operations using OrcUtils
// (Specific methods depend on OrcUtils implementation)

// HFile operations using HFileUtils  
// (Specific methods depend on HFileUtils implementation)

// Complex schema conversion example
String complexAvroSchema = """
{
  "type": "record", 
  "name": "Transaction",
  "fields": [
    {"name": "id", "type": "string"},
    {"name": "amount", "type": {"type": "bytes", "logicalType": "decimal", "precision": 10, "scale": 2}},
    {"name": "timestamp", "type": {"type": "long", "logicalType": "timestamp-millis"}},
    {"name": "metadata", "type": {
      "type": "record",
      "name": "TransactionMetadata", 
      "fields": [
        {"name": "source", "type": "string"},
        {"name": "tags", "type": {"type": "array", "items": "string"}}
      ]
    }}
  ]
}
""";

Schema complexSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(complexAvroSchema);
TypeDescription complexOrcSchema = AvroOrcUtils.createOrcSchema(complexSchema);
System.out.println("Complex ORC Schema: " + complexOrcSchema.toString());