Transport Mechanisms

/**
 * Abstract base class for all transport implementations
 */
public abstract class TTransport implements Closeable {
    /** Check if transport is open and ready for operations */
    public abstract boolean isOpen();
    
    /** Open the transport connection */
    public abstract void open() throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Close the transport connection */
    public abstract void close();
    
    /** Read data from transport into buffer */
    public abstract int read(byte[] buf, int off, int len) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Read exactly the specified number of bytes (blocking) */
    public int readAll(byte[] buf, int off, int len) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Write data from buffer to transport */
    public abstract void write(byte[] buf, int off, int len) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Flush any pending writes */
    public abstract void flush() throws TTransportException;
    
    // Buffer access methods for buffered transports
    /** Get internal buffer (may return null for non-buffered) */
    public byte[] getBuffer();
    
    /** Get current position in buffer */
    public int getBufferPosition();
    
    /** Get remaining bytes in buffer */
    public int getBytesRemainingInBuffer();
    
    /** Consume bytes from buffer */
    public void consumeBuffer(int len);
    
    /** Peek at buffer data without consuming */
    public ByteBuffer getByteBuffer(int len);
    
    /** Utility methods for reading/writing complete byte arrays */
    public void write(byte[] buf) throws TTransportException;
    public int read(byte[] buf) throws TTransportException;
}

/**
 * Factory interface for creating transport instances
 */
public class TTransportFactory {
    /** Create transport instance (default: return same transport) */
    public TTransport getTransport(TTransport trans);
}

/**
 * Abstract base class for server-side transports
 */
public abstract class TServerTransport implements Closeable {
    /** Start listening for connections */
    public abstract void listen() throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Accept a new client connection */
    public abstract TTransport accept() throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Close the server transport */
    public abstract void close();
    
    /** Interrupt any blocking accept() calls */
    public void interrupt();
}

/**
 * Base class for endpoint-based transports with host/port information
 */
public abstract class TEndpointTransport extends TTransport {
    /** Get host name or address */
    public abstract String getHost();
    
    /** Get port number */
    public abstract int getPort();
}

/**
 * Client-side TCP socket transport
 */
public class TSocket extends TEndpointTransport {
    /** Create socket transport to host:port with default timeout */
    public TSocket(String host, int port) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Create socket transport with specific timeout */
    public TSocket(String host, int port, int timeout) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Create socket transport with detailed configuration */
    public TSocket(TConfiguration config, String host, int port, int socketTimeout, int connectTimeout) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Create socket transport wrapping existing socket */
    public TSocket(Socket socket) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Set socket timeout for read operations */
    public void setTimeout(int timeout);
    
    /** Set connection timeout for initial connection */
    public void setConnectTimeout(int timeout);
    
    /** Set socket timeout (same as setTimeout) */
    public void setSocketTimeout(int timeout);
    
    /** Get the underlying socket */
    public Socket getSocket();
    
    /** Get host name */
    public String getHost();
    
    /** Get port number */
    public int getPort();
    
    /** Check if socket is connected */
    public boolean isOpen();
    
    /** Open socket connection */
    public void open() throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Close socket connection */
    public void close();
}

/**
 * Server-side TCP socket transport
 */
public class TServerSocket extends TServerTransport {
    /** Create server socket on specified port */
    public TServerSocket(int port) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Create server socket on specified port with timeout */
    public TServerSocket(int port, int timeout) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Create server socket bound to specific address */
    public TServerSocket(InetSocketAddress bindAddr) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Create server socket bound to address with timeout */
    public TServerSocket(InetSocketAddress bindAddr, int timeout) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Create server socket wrapping existing ServerSocket */
    public TServerSocket(ServerSocket socket) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Set accept timeout */
    public void setTimeout(int timeout);
    
    /** Get the underlying ServerSocket */
    public ServerSocket getServerSocket();
    
    /** Start listening for connections */
    public void listen() throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Accept new client connection */
    public TTransport accept() throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Close server socket */
    public void close();
}

import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;

// Client socket with default timeout
try {
    TSocket clientSocket = new TSocket("localhost", 9090);
    clientSocket.open();
    // Use socket...
    clientSocket.close();
} catch (TTransportException e) {
    // Handle connection error
}

// Client socket with custom timeout
TSocket timedSocket = new TSocket("remote.example.com", 9090, 5000);

// Server socket
TServerSocket serverSocket = new TServerSocket(9090);
serverSocket.listen();
while (running) {
    TTransport clientTransport = serverSocket.accept();
    // Handle client...
}
serverSocket.close();

/**
 * Non-blocking client socket transport using NIO
 */
public class TNonblockingSocket extends TNonblockingTransport {
    /** Create non-blocking socket to host:port */
    public TNonblockingSocket(String host, int port) throws IOException;
    
    /** Create non-blocking socket with timeout */
    public TNonblockingSocket(String host, int port, int timeout) throws IOException;
    
    /** Create non-blocking socket wrapping existing channel */
    public TNonblockingSocket(SocketChannel socketChannel, int timeout, SelectionKey selectionKey) throws IOException;
    
    /** Start non-blocking connection */
    public boolean startConnect() throws IOException;
    
    /** Complete non-blocking connection */
    public boolean finishConnect() throws IOException;
    
    /** Get SelectionKey for this socket */
    public SelectionKey getSelectionKey();
    
    /** Get the socket channel */
    public SocketChannel getSocketChannel();
}

/**
 * Non-blocking server socket transport using NIO
 */
public class TNonblockingServerSocket extends TNonblockingServerTransport {
    /** Create non-blocking server socket on port */
    public TNonblockingServerSocket(int port) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Create non-blocking server socket bound to address */
    public TNonblockingServerSocket(InetSocketAddress bindAddr) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Create non-blocking server socket with specific bind address and client address */
    public TNonblockingServerSocket(InetSocketAddress bindAddr, InetSocketAddress clientAddr) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Register with selector for accept operations */
    public void registerSelector(Selector selector) throws IOException;
    
    /** Accept new non-blocking connection */
    public TNonblockingTransport accept() throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Get the server socket channel */
    public ServerSocketChannel getServerSocketChannel();
}

/**
 * Abstract base class for non-blocking transports
 */
public abstract class TNonblockingTransport extends TTransport {
    /** Start non-blocking connect operation */
    public abstract boolean startConnect() throws IOException;
    
    /** Complete non-blocking connect operation */
    public abstract boolean finishConnect() throws IOException;
    
    /** Get SelectionKey for NIO operations */
    public abstract SelectionKey getSelectionKey();
    
    /** Non-blocking read operation */
    public abstract int read(ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException;
    
    /** Non-blocking write operation */
    public abstract int write(ByteBuffer buffer) throws IOException;
}

/**
 * HTTP client transport for web services
 */
public class THttpClient extends TEndpointTransport {
    /** Create HTTP client for URL */
    public THttpClient(String url) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Create HTTP client for URL with configuration */
    public THttpClient(String url, TConfiguration config) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Create HTTP client for URL object */
    public THttpClient(URL url) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Create HTTP client for URL with configuration */
    public THttpClient(URL url, TConfiguration config) throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Set connection timeout */
    public void setConnectTimeout(int timeout);
    
    /** Set read timeout */
    public void setReadTimeout(int timeout);
    
    /** Set custom HTTP headers */
    public void setCustomHeaders(Map<String, String> headers);
    
    /** Set user agent string */
    public void setUserAgent(String userAgent);
    
    /** Get URL */
    public URL getUrl();
    
    /** Get host from URL */
    public String getHost();
    
    /** Get port from URL */
    public int getPort();
}

import org.apache.thrift.transport.THttpClient;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

// Basic HTTP client
THttpClient httpClient = new THttpClient("http://api.example.com/thrift");

// HTTP client with custom headers
THttpClient customClient = new THttpClient("https://secure-api.example.com/rpc");
Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>();
headers.put("Authorization", "Bearer " + token);
headers.put("X-API-Version", "1.0");
customClient.setCustomHeaders(headers);

// HTTP client with timeouts
customClient.setConnectTimeout(5000);  // 5 second connect timeout
customClient.setReadTimeout(30000);    // 30 second read timeout

/**
 * In-memory transport using byte array buffer
 */
public class TMemoryBuffer extends TTransport {
    /** Create memory buffer with initial capacity */
    public TMemoryBuffer(int size);
    
    /** Create memory buffer wrapping existing byte array */
    public TMemoryBuffer(byte[] bytes);
    
    /** Get current length of data in buffer */
    public int length();
    
    /** Get the internal byte array */
    public byte[] getArray();
    
    /** Convert buffer contents to string */
    public String toString(String charset) throws UnsupportedEncodingException;
    
    /** Clear the buffer */
    public void clear();
    
    /** Always returns true (memory buffer is always "open") */
    public boolean isOpen();
    
    /** No-op for memory buffer */
    public void open();
    
    /** No-op for memory buffer */
    public void close();
}

/**
 * Read-only memory transport for existing byte arrays
 */
public class TMemoryInputTransport extends TTransport {
    /** Create read-only transport from byte array */
    public TMemoryInputTransport(byte[] buf);
    
    /** Create read-only transport from byte array subset */
    public TMemoryInputTransport(byte[] buf, int offset, int length);
    
    /** Get number of bytes remaining to read */
    public int bytesRemainingInBuffer();
    
    /** Get the buffer */
    public byte[] getBuffer();
    
    /** Get current buffer position */
    public int getBufferPosition();
    
    /** Reset to beginning of buffer */
    public void reset();
}

import org.apache.thrift.transport.TMemoryBuffer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TMemoryInputTransport;

// Create memory buffer for serialization
TMemoryBuffer buffer = new TMemoryBuffer(1024);
// Serialize object to buffer...
byte[] serializedData = buffer.getArray();

// Create read-only transport from existing data
TMemoryInputTransport inputTransport = new TMemoryInputTransport(serializedData);
// Deserialize from input transport...

// Memory buffer for testing
TMemoryBuffer testBuffer = new TMemoryBuffer(256);
testBuffer.write("test data".getBytes());
System.out.println("Buffer contains: " + testBuffer.length() + " bytes");

/**
 * Transport implementation using input/output streams
 */
public class TIOStreamTransport extends TTransport {
    /** Create transport with input and output streams */
    public TIOStreamTransport(InputStream inputStream, OutputStream outputStream);
    
    /** Create read-only transport with input stream */
    public TIOStreamTransport(InputStream inputStream);
    
    /** Create write-only transport with output stream */
    public TIOStreamTransport(OutputStream outputStream);
    
    /** Get the input stream */
    public InputStream getInputStream();
    
    /** Get the output stream */
    public OutputStream getOutputStream();
    
    /** Always returns true if streams are not null */
    public boolean isOpen();
    
    /** No-op (streams should be managed externally) */
    public void open();
    
    /** Close the underlying streams */
    public void close();
}

/**
 * File-based transport for reading/writing files
 */
public class TFileTransport extends TTransport {
    /** Create file transport for reading and/or writing */
    public TFileTransport(String path, boolean read) throws IOException;
    
    /** Create file transport with read and append options */
    public TFileTransport(String path, boolean read, boolean append) throws IOException;
    
    /** Get the file path */
    public String getPath();
    
    /** Check if file is open */
    public boolean isOpen();
    
    /** Open the file */
    public void open() throws TTransportException;
    
    /** Close the file */
    public void close();
}

/**
 * Frame-based transport wrapper that prefixes data with length
 */
public class TFramedTransport extends TLayeredTransport {
    /** Default maximum frame size */
    public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_LENGTH = 16384000;
    
    /** Create framed transport with default max length */
    public TFramedTransport(TTransport transport);
    
    /** Create framed transport with specified max length */
    public TFramedTransport(TTransport transport, int maxLength);
    
    /** Clear write buffer without sending */
    public void clear();
    
    /** Factory for creating framed transports */
    public static class Factory extends TTransportFactory {
        /** Create factory with default max length */
        public Factory();
        
        /** Create factory with specified max length */
        public Factory(int maxLength);
        
        public TTransport getTransport(TTransport base);
    }
}

/**
 * Optimized framed transport with better performance characteristics
 */
public class TFastFramedTransport extends TLayeredTransport {
    /** Create fast framed transport with default settings */
    public TFastFramedTransport(TTransport underlying);
    
    /** Create fast framed transport with custom buffer sizes */
    public TFastFramedTransport(TTransport underlying, int initialCapacity, int maxLength);
    
    /** Factory for creating fast framed transports */
    public static class Factory extends TTransportFactory {
        /** Create factory with default settings */
        public Factory();
        
        /** Create factory with custom settings */
        public Factory(int initialCapacity, int maxLength);
        
        public TTransport getTransport(TTransport base);
    }
}

/**
 * Abstract base class for layered transports
 */
public abstract class TLayeredTransport extends TTransport {
    /** The underlying transport */
    protected TTransport transport;
    
    /** Create layered transport */
    public TLayeredTransport(TTransport transport);
    
    /** Get the underlying transport */
    public TTransport getInnerTransport();
}

import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;

// Create framed transport for message boundaries
TSocket socket = new TSocket("localhost", 9090);
TFramedTransport framedTransport = new TFramedTransport(socket);

// Use framed transport factory
TFramedTransport.Factory factory = new TFramedTransport.Factory();
TTransport clientTransport = factory.getTransport(socket);

// Fast framed transport with custom buffer size
TFastFramedTransport fastFramed = new TFastFramedTransport(socket, 8192, 1024*1024);

/**
 * Client-side SASL transport for authentication
 */
public class TSaslClientTransport extends TSaslTransport {
    /** Create SASL client transport */
    public TSaslClientTransport(String mechanism, String authorizationId, String protocol, 
                               String serverName, Map<String, String> props, 
                               CallbackHandler cbh, TTransport transport) throws SaslException;
    
    /** Create SASL client transport with SaslClient */
    public TSaslClientTransport(SaslClient saslClient, TTransport transport);
}

/**
 * Server-side SASL transport for authentication
 */
public class TSaslServerTransport extends TSaslTransport {
    /** Create SASL server transport */
    public TSaslServerTransport(String mechanism, String protocol, String serverName,
                               Map<String, String> props, CallbackHandler cbh, 
                               TTransport transport) throws SaslException;
    
    /** Create SASL server transport with SaslServer */
    public TSaslServerTransport(SaslServer saslServer, TTransport transport);
}

/**
 * Abstract base class for SASL transports
 */
public abstract class TSaslTransport extends TLayeredTransport {
    /** Check if SASL negotiation is complete */
    public boolean isComplete();
    
    /** Get negotiated security strength */
    public String getNegotiatedProperty(String propName);
}

/**
 * Exception class for transport-related errors
 */
public class TTransportException extends TException {
    public static final int UNKNOWN = 0;
    public static final int NOT_OPEN = 1;
    public static final int ALREADY_OPEN = 2;
    public static final int TIMED_OUT = 3;
    public static final int END_OF_FILE = 4;
    public static final int INTERRUPTED = 5;
    public static final int CORRUPTED_DATA = 6;
    
    /** Create exception with unknown type */
    public TTransportException();
    
    /** Create exception with specific type */
    public TTransportException(int type);
    
    /** Create exception with type and message */
    public TTransportException(int type, String message);
    
    /** Create exception with message */
    public TTransportException(String message);
    
    /** Create exception with type and cause */
    public TTransportException(int type, Throwable cause);
    
    /** Create exception with cause */
    public TTransportException(Throwable cause);
    
    /** Get the exception type */
    public int getType();
}

import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;

try {
    transport.open();
    // Use transport...
} catch (TTransportException e) {
    switch (e.getType()) {
        case TTransportException.NOT_OPEN:
            // Handle not open error
            break;
        case TTransportException.TIMED_OUT:
            // Handle timeout
            break;
        case TTransportException.END_OF_FILE:
            // Handle unexpected EOF
            break;
        default:
            // Handle other errors
    }
}