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# Spring Cloud Release Train
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The Spring Cloud Release Train is a curated set of dependencies across a range of Spring Cloud projects. It provides two essential Maven artifacts that simplify dependency management and project configuration for Spring Cloud applications: the spring-cloud-dependencies BOM for version management and the spring-cloud-starter-parent for complete project setup.
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## Package Information
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- **Package Name**: spring-cloud-starter-build (release train)
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- **Package Type**: maven
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- **Language**: Java
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- **Group ID**: org.springframework.cloud
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- **Version**: 2025.0.0
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- **Packaging**: pom
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- **URL**: https://projects.spring.io/spring-cloud
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- **Organization**: Pivotal Software, Inc. (https://www.spring.io)
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- **Installation**: Use as BOM import or parent POM in Maven projects
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## Core Imports
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### Using spring-cloud-dependencies BOM
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```xml { .api }
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<dependencyManagement>
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    <dependencies>
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
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            <version>2025.0.0</version>
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            <type>pom</type>
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            <scope>import</scope>
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        </dependency>
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    </dependencies>
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</dependencyManagement>
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```
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### Using spring-cloud-starter-parent
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```xml { .api }
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<parent>
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    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-parent</artifactId>
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    <version>2025.0.0</version>
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    <relativePath/>
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</parent>
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```
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## Basic Usage
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### BOM Usage Pattern
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```xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
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         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
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         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
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    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
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    <!-- Your existing parent POM -->
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    <parent>
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        <groupId>com.company</groupId>
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        <artifactId>my-parent</artifactId>
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        <version>1.0.0</version>
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    </parent>
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    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
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    <artifactId>my-spring-cloud-app</artifactId>
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    <version>1.0.0</version>
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    <!-- Import Spring Cloud BOM for dependency management -->
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    <dependencyManagement>
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        <dependencies>
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            <dependency>
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                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
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                <version>2025.0.0</version>
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                <type>pom</type>
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                <scope>import</scope>
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            </dependency>
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        </dependencies>
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    </dependencyManagement>
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    <dependencies>
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        <!-- Spring Cloud dependencies without version specification -->
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
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        </dependency>
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
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        </dependency>
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    </dependencies>
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</project>
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```
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### Parent POM Usage Pattern
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```xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
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         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
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         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
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    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
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    <!-- Use Spring Cloud Starter Parent -->
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    <parent>
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        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-parent</artifactId>
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        <version>2025.0.0</version>
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        <relativePath/>
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    </parent>
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    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
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    <artifactId>my-spring-cloud-app</artifactId>
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    <version>1.0.0</version>
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    <dependencies>
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        <!-- Spring Cloud dependencies without version specification -->
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
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        </dependency>
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
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        </dependency>
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    </dependencies>
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</project>
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```
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## Architecture
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The Spring Cloud Release Train provides two complementary approaches to Spring Cloud dependency management:
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### Release Train Structure
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- **spring-cloud-dependencies**: Bill of Materials (BOM) that imports 15 Spring Cloud component BOMs
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- **spring-cloud-starter-parent**: Complete parent POM that extends Spring Boot and includes the BOM
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- **Version Alignment**: Ensures compatible versions across all Spring Cloud components
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- **Release Naming**: Uses alphabetic naming (2025.0.0 release train) rather than individual component versions
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### Dependency Management Hierarchy
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```
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spring-cloud-dependencies (BOM)
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├── spring-cloud-commons-dependencies
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├── spring-cloud-config-dependencies  
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├── spring-cloud-gateway-dependencies
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├── spring-cloud-netflix-dependencies
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├── spring-cloud-stream-dependencies
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└── ... (11 more component BOMs)
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spring-cloud-starter-parent
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├── extends: spring-boot-starter-parent:3.5.0
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├── imports: spring-cloud-dependencies:2025.0.0
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├── provides: repository configurations
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└── provides: build profiles and distribution management
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```
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## Usage Comparison
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| Aspect | spring-cloud-dependencies | spring-cloud-starter-parent |
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|--------|---------------------------|------------------------------|
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| **Use Case** | Already have parent POM | Need complete parent solution |
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| **Parent POM** | Keep your existing parent | Extends Spring Boot parent |
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| **Configuration** | BOM import only | Complete build configuration |
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| **Repository Setup** | Manual configuration | Pre-configured Spring repos |
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| **Build Profiles** | Not included | Development, milestone, central |
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| **Distribution** | Not included | Pre-configured publishing |
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| **Gradle Support** | Yes (platform/BOM) | No (Maven parent only) |
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| **Flexibility** | Maximum control | Opinionated defaults |
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## Capabilities
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### Spring Cloud Dependencies BOM
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Provides centralized version management for all Spring Cloud components through a Bill of Materials that can be imported into any Maven or Gradle project.
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```xml { .api }
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<dependencyManagement>
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    <dependencies>
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
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            <version>2025.0.0</version>
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            <type>pom</type>
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            <scope>import</scope>
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        </dependency>
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    </dependencies>
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</dependencyManagement>
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```
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The BOM imports dependency management from these Spring Cloud component BOMs:
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```xml { .api }
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<!-- Core Spring Cloud Components (versions managed by BOM) -->
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<dependency>
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    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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    <artifactId>spring-cloud-commons-dependencies</artifactId>
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    <version>4.3.0</version>
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    <type>pom</type>
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    <scope>import</scope>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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    <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-dependencies</artifactId>
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    <version>4.3.0</version>
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    <type>pom</type>
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    <scope>import</scope>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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    <artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway-dependencies</artifactId>
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    <version>4.3.0</version>
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    <type>pom</type>
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    <scope>import</scope>
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</dependency>
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<!-- ... continues for all 15 components -->
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```
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**Gradle Usage:**
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```gradle { .api }
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dependencyManagement {
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    imports {
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        mavenBom 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:2025.0.0'
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    }
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}
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dependencies {
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    implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-config'
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    implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-gateway'
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}
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```
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### Spring Cloud Components
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The Release Train manages versions for these Spring Cloud components:
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**Service Discovery & Configuration:**
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- **spring-cloud-commons** (4.3.0): Common abstractions and utilities across Spring Cloud
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- **spring-cloud-config** (4.3.0): Externalized configuration management with Git, Vault, and database backends
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- **spring-cloud-consul** (4.3.0): Service discovery and configuration using HashiCorp Consul
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- **spring-cloud-zookeeper** (4.3.0): Service discovery and configuration using Apache ZooKeeper
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- **spring-cloud-kubernetes** (3.3.0): Kubernetes-native service discovery and configuration
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**API Gateway & Routing:**
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- **spring-cloud-gateway** (4.3.0): Reactive API gateway with routing, filtering, and rate limiting
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- **spring-cloud-netflix** (4.3.0): Netflix OSS integrations including Eureka service registry
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**Communication & Integration:**
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- **spring-cloud-openfeign** (4.3.0): Declarative REST clients with load balancing and circuit breakers
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- **spring-cloud-stream** (4.3.0): Event-driven microservices framework with message broker abstractions
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- **spring-cloud-bus** (4.3.0): Event bus for distributed configuration changes and management events
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**Resilience & Monitoring:**
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- **spring-cloud-circuitbreaker** (3.3.0): Circuit breaker implementations with Resilience4j and Spring Retry
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- **spring-cloud-contract** (4.3.0): Consumer-driven contract testing for microservices
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**Functions & Tasks:**
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- **spring-cloud-function** (4.3.0): Function-as-a-Service abstractions for serverless computing
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- **spring-cloud-task** (3.3.0): Short-lived microservices and batch processing
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**Security & Secrets:**
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- **spring-cloud-vault** (4.3.0): HashiCorp Vault integration for secrets management
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### Spring Cloud Starter Parent
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Extends Spring Boot's starter parent to provide complete Spring Cloud project configuration including dependency management, repository setup, and build profiles.
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```xml { .api }
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<parent>
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    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-parent</artifactId>
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    <version>2025.0.0</version>
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    <relativePath/>
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</parent>
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```
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**Parent Chain:**
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```xml { .api }
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<!-- Your Project -->
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<parent>
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    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-parent</artifactId>
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    <version>2025.0.0</version>
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</parent>
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<!-- Which extends -->
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<parent>
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    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
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    <version>3.5.0</version>
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</parent>
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```
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**Included Dependency Management:**
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```xml { .api }
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<dependencyManagement>
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    <dependencies>
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
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            <version>2025.0.0</version>
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            <type>pom</type>
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            <scope>import</scope>
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        </dependency>
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    </dependencies>
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</dependencyManagement>
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```
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### Repository Configuration
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The parent POM provides Maven repository configurations through build profiles for accessing Spring's repositories during development and CI/CD.
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```xml { .api }
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<profile>
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    <id>spring</id>
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    <repositories>
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        <repository>
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            <id>spring-snapshots</id>
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            <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
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            <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-snapshot-local</url>
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            <snapshots>
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                <enabled>true</enabled>
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            </snapshots>
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        </repository>
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        <repository>
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            <id>spring-milestones</id>
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            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
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            <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone-local</url>
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            <snapshots>
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                <enabled>false</enabled>
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            </snapshots>
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        </repository>
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        <repository>
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            <id>spring-releases</id>
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            <name>Spring Releases</name>
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            <url>https://repo.spring.io/release</url>
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            <snapshots>
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                <enabled>false</enabled>
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            </snapshots>
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        </repository>
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    </repositories>
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</profile>
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```
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**Profile Activation:**
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```bash { .api }
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# Development build with Spring repositories
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mvn clean install -Pspring
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# Milestone release
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mvn clean deploy -Pmilestone
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# Maven Central release with signing
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mvn clean deploy -Pcentral
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```
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### Distribution Management
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Configures publishing destinations for different deployment scenarios:
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```xml { .api }
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<distributionManagement>
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    <repository>
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        <id>repo.spring.io</id>
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        <name>Spring Release Repository</name>
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        <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release-local</url>
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    </repository>
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    <snapshotRepository>
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        <id>repo.spring.io</id>
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        <name>Spring Snapshot Repository</name>
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        <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-snapshot-local</url>
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    </snapshotRepository>
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</distributionManagement>
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```
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### Build Profiles
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Four specialized build profiles for different deployment scenarios:
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```xml { .api }
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<!-- Spring Profile: Development with Spring repositories -->
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<profile>
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    <id>spring</id>
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    <!-- Provides spring-snapshots, spring-milestones, spring-releases repositories -->
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</profile>
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<!-- Milestone Profile: Milestone release distribution -->
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<profile>
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    <id>milestone</id>
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    <!-- Publishes to https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone-local -->
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</profile>
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<!-- Central Profile: Maven Central with GPG signing -->
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<profile>
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    <id>central</id>
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    <build>
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        <plugins>
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            <plugin>
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                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
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                <artifactId>maven-gpg-plugin</artifactId>
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                <executions>
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                    <execution>
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                        <id>sign-artifacts</id>
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                        <phase>verify</phase>
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                        <goals>
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                            <goal>sign</goal>
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                        </goals>
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                    </execution>
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                </executions>
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            </plugin>
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        </plugins>
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    </build>
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    <distributionManagement>
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        <snapshotRepository>
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            <id>sonatype-nexus-snapshots</id>
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            <name>Sonatype Nexus Snapshots</name>
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            <url>https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/</url>
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        </snapshotRepository>
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        <repository>
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            <id>sonatype-nexus-staging</id>
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            <name>Nexus Release Repository</name>
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            <url>https://s01.oss.sonatype.org/service/local/staging/deploy/maven2/</url>
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        </repository>
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    </distributionManagement>
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</profile>
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```
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## Properties
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Configuration properties available to child projects:
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```xml { .api }
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<properties>
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    <spring-cloud.version>2025.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
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    <main.basedir>${basedir}/../..</main.basedir>
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</properties>
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```
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Child projects can reference these properties:
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```xml { .api }
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<properties>
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    <my.custom.version>${spring-cloud.version}</my.custom.version>
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</properties>
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```
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## Usage Examples
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### Configuration Server with BOM
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```xml { .api }
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0">
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    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
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    <parent>
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        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
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        <version>3.5.0</version>
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        <relativePath/>
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    </parent>
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    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
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    <artifactId>config-server</artifactId>
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    <version>1.0.0</version>
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    <dependencyManagement>
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        <dependencies>
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            <dependency>
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                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
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                <version>2025.0.0</version>
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                <type>pom</type>
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                <scope>import</scope>
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            </dependency>
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        </dependencies>
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    </dependencyManagement>
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    <dependencies>
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
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        </dependency>
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
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        </dependency>
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    </dependencies>
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</project>
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```
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### Microservice with Parent POM
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```xml { .api }
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0">
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    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
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    <parent>
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        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-parent</artifactId>
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        <version>2025.0.0</version>
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        <relativePath/>
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    </parent>
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    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
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    <artifactId>user-service</artifactId>
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    <version>1.0.0</version>
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    <dependencies>
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
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        </dependency>
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
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        </dependency>
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
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        </dependency>
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
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        </dependency>
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    </dependencies>
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</project>
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```
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### API Gateway with Circuit Breaker
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```xml { .api }
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0">
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    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
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    <parent>
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        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-parent</artifactId>
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        <version>2025.0.0</version>
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        <relativePath/>
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    </parent>
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    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
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    <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
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    <version>1.0.0</version>
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    <dependencies>
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
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        </dependency>
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
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        </dependency>
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        <dependency>
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            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-circuitbreaker-reactor-resilience4j</artifactId>
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        </dependency>
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    </dependencies>
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</project>
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```
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### Gradle Project with BOM
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```gradle { .api }
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plugins {
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    id 'org.springframework.boot' version '3.5.0'
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    id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.1.0'
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    id 'java'
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}
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group = 'com.example'
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version = '1.0.0'
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sourceCompatibility = '17'
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dependencyManagement {
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    imports {
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        mavenBom 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:2025.0.0'
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    }
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}
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dependencies {
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    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
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    implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-gateway'
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    implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client'
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    implementation 'org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-config'
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    testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'
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}
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```
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## Maven Coordinates
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### spring-cloud-dependencies
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```xml { .api }
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<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
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<version>2025.0.0</version>
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<packaging>pom</packaging>
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```
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### spring-cloud-starter-parent
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```xml { .api }
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<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-parent</artifactId>
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<version>2025.0.0</version>
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<packaging>pom</packaging>
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```