DNS Management

from libcloud.dns.types import Provider

class Provider:
    """Enumeration of supported DNS providers"""
    ROUTE53 = 'route53'
    RACKSPACE = 'rackspace'
    ZERIGO = 'zerigo'
    DNSIMPLE = 'dnsimple'
    LINODE = 'linode'
    DNSPARK = 'dnspark'
    CLOUDFLARE = 'cloudflare'
    GOOGLE = 'google'
    GANDIAPI = 'gandiapi' 
    POINTDNS = 'pointdns'
    RCODEZERO = 'rcodezero'
    NFSN = 'nfsn'
    NSONE = 'nsone'
    LIQUIDWEB = 'liquidweb'
    # ... more providers

from libcloud.dns.providers import get_driver

def get_driver(provider: Provider) -> type[DNSDriver]

from libcloud.dns.types import Provider
from libcloud.dns.providers import get_driver

# Get Route 53 driver class
cls = get_driver(Provider.ROUTE53)

# Initialize driver with credentials
driver = cls('access_key', 'secret_key')

class DNSDriver(BaseDriver):
    """Base class for all DNS drivers"""
    
    def list_zones(self) -> List[Zone]
    def get_zone(self, zone_id: str) -> Zone  
    def create_zone(self, domain: str, type: str = 'master', ttl: int = None, extra: Dict = None) -> Zone
    def update_zone(self, zone: Zone, domain: str = None, type: str = None, ttl: int = None, extra: Dict = None) -> Zone
    def delete_zone(self, zone: Zone) -> bool
    def list_records(self, zone: Zone, type: RecordType = None) -> List[Record]
    def get_record(self, zone_id: str, record_id: str) -> Record
    def create_record(self, name: str, zone: Zone, type: RecordType, data: str, extra: Dict = None) -> Record
    def update_record(self, record: Record, name: str = None, type: RecordType = None, data: str = None, extra: Dict = None) -> Record
    def delete_record(self, record: Record) -> bool
    def ex_create_multi_value_record(self, name: str, zone: Zone, type: RecordType, data: List[str], extra: Dict = None) -> List[Record]

class Zone:
    """Represents a DNS zone/domain"""
    
    id: str
    domain: str
    type: str
    ttl: int
    driver: DNSDriver
    extra: Dict[str, Any]
    
    def list_records(self, type: RecordType = None) -> List[Record]
    def create_record(self, name: str, type: RecordType, data: str, extra: Dict = None) -> Record
    def update_record(self, record: Record, name: str = None, type: RecordType = None, data: str = None, extra: Dict = None) -> Record
    def delete_record(self, record: Record) -> bool
    def delete(self) -> bool
    def update(self, domain: str = None, type: str = None, ttl: int = None, extra: Dict = None) -> Zone

class Record:
    """Represents a DNS record"""
    
    id: str
    name: str
    type: RecordType
    data: str
    zone: Zone
    driver: DNSDriver
    ttl: int
    extra: Dict[str, Any]
    
    def update(self, name: str = None, type: RecordType = None, data: str = None, extra: Dict = None) -> Record
    def delete(self) -> bool

class RecordType:
    """DNS record types enumeration"""
    A = 'A'
    AAAA = 'AAAA'
    CNAME = 'CNAME'
    MX = 'MX'
    NS = 'NS'
    PTR = 'PTR'
    SOA = 'SOA'
    SRV = 'SRV'
    TXT = 'TXT'
    SPF = 'SPF'
    CAA = 'CAA'
    DNAME = 'DNAME'
    NAPTR = 'NAPTR'
    HINFO = 'HINFO'
    SSHFP = 'SSHFP'
    TLSA = 'TLSA'

from libcloud.dns.types import Provider, RecordType
from libcloud.dns.providers import get_driver

# Initialize driver
cls = get_driver(Provider.ROUTE53)
driver = cls('access_key', 'secret_key')

# List existing zones
zones = driver.list_zones()
for zone in zones:
    print(f"Zone: {zone.domain} (Type: {zone.type}, TTL: {zone.ttl})")

# Create a new zone
zone = driver.create_zone(
    domain='example.com',
    type='master',
    ttl=3600
)
print(f"Created zone: {zone.domain} ({zone.id})")

# Get a specific zone
try:
    zone = driver.get_zone('Z123456789')
    print(f"Found zone: {zone.domain}")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Zone not found: {e}")

# List all records in a zone
records = driver.list_records(zone)
print(f"Zone {zone.domain} has {len(records)} records")

for record in records:
    print(f"  {record.name} {record.type} {record.data} (TTL: {record.ttl})")

# Create different types of records
# A record
a_record = driver.create_record(
    name='www',
    zone=zone,
    type=RecordType.A,
    data='192.168.1.100'
)
print(f"Created A record: {a_record.name}.{zone.domain} -> {a_record.data}")

# CNAME record
cname_record = driver.create_record(
    name='blog',
    zone=zone,
    type=RecordType.CNAME,
    data='www.example.com.'
)
print(f"Created CNAME record: {cname_record.name}.{zone.domain} -> {cname_record.data}")

# MX record
mx_record = driver.create_record(
    name='@',  # Root domain
    zone=zone,
    type=RecordType.MX,
    data='10 mail.example.com.',
    extra={'priority': 10}  # Some providers store priority in extra
)
print(f"Created MX record with priority 10")

# TXT record
txt_record = driver.create_record(
    name='@',
    zone=zone,
    type=RecordType.TXT,
    data='v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all'
)
print(f"Created TXT record for SPF")

# Alternative way using zone methods
zone = driver.get_zone('Z123456789')

# Create record using zone method
record = zone.create_record(
    name='api',
    type=RecordType.A,
    data='10.0.1.50',
    extra={'ttl': 300}  # 5 minute TTL
)

# List records in zone using zone method
records = zone.list_records(type=RecordType.A)
print(f"Found {len(records)} A records")

# Update a record
updated_record = record.update(
    data='10.0.1.51',  # New IP address
    extra={'ttl': 600}  # New TTL
)
print(f"Updated record: {updated_record.data}")

# Delete a record
success = record.delete()
print(f"Record deleted: {success}")

# Create multiple A records for load balancing (if supported)
try:
    records = driver.ex_create_multi_value_record(
        name='lb',
        zone=zone,
        type=RecordType.A,
        data=['192.168.1.10', '192.168.1.11', '192.168.1.12']
    )
    print(f"Created {len(records)} load balancer records")
except AttributeError:
    # Fallback: create individual records
    ips = ['192.168.1.10', '192.168.1.11', '192.168.1.12']
    for i, ip in enumerate(ips):
        record = driver.create_record(
            name='lb',
            zone=zone,
            type=RecordType.A,
            data=ip
        )
        print(f"Created LB record {i+1}: {record.data}")

# Create SRV record for services
srv_record = driver.create_record(
    name='_http._tcp',
    zone=zone,
    type=RecordType.SRV,
    data='10 5 80 web.example.com.',
    extra={'priority': 10, 'weight': 5, 'port': 80}
)
print(f"Created SRV record for HTTP service")

# Create CAA record for certificate authority authorization
caa_record = driver.create_record(
    name='@',
    zone=zone,
    type=RecordType.CAA,
    data='0 issue "letsencrypt.org"'
)
print(f"Created CAA record for Let's Encrypt")

def setup_basic_dns(driver, domain, config):
    """Setup basic DNS records for a domain"""
    
    # Create or get zone
    try:
        zone = None
        for z in driver.list_zones():
            if z.domain == domain:
                zone = z
                break
        
        if not zone:
            zone = driver.create_zone(domain, ttl=3600)
            print(f"Created zone: {domain}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error creating zone: {e}")
        return
    
    # Create basic records
    records_to_create = [
        # A records
        ('www', RecordType.A, config['web_ip']),
        ('mail', RecordType.A, config['mail_ip']),
        ('ftp', RecordType.A, config['ftp_ip']),
        
        # CNAME records  
        ('blog', RecordType.CNAME, f'www.{domain}.'),
        ('shop', RecordType.CNAME, f'www.{domain}.'),
        
        # MX record
        ('@', RecordType.MX, f"10 mail.{domain}."),
        
        # TXT records
        ('@', RecordType.TXT, config['spf_record']),
        ('_dmarc', RecordType.TXT, config['dmarc_record']),
    ]
    
    created_records = []
    for name, record_type, data in records_to_create:
        try:
            record = driver.create_record(
                name=name,
                zone=zone,
                type=record_type,
                data=data
            )
            created_records.append(record)
            print(f"Created: {name} {record_type} {data}")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Failed to create {name} {record_type}: {e}")
    
    return zone, created_records

# Usage
dns_config = {
    'web_ip': '192.168.1.100',
    'mail_ip': '192.168.1.101', 
    'ftp_ip': '192.168.1.102',
    'spf_record': 'v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all',
    'dmarc_record': 'v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com'
}

zone, records = setup_basic_dns(driver, 'example.com', dns_config)

from libcloud.dns.types import Provider
from libcloud.dns.providers import get_driver

# Configure multiple DNS providers
dns_providers = {
    'route53': {
        'driver': get_driver(Provider.ROUTE53),
        'credentials': ('aws_access_key', 'aws_secret_key')
    },
    'cloudflare': {
        'driver': get_driver(Provider.CLOUDFLARE),
        'credentials': ('email', 'api_key')
    }
}

# Initialize drivers
drivers = {}
for name, config in dns_providers.items():
    cls = config['driver']
    drivers[name] = cls(*config['credentials'])

# Compare DNS records across providers
def compare_dns_records(domain):
    """Compare DNS records for a domain across providers"""
    provider_records = {}
    
    for provider_name, driver in drivers.items():
        try:
            zones = driver.list_zones()
            zone = None
            for z in zones:
                if z.domain == domain:
                    zone = z
                    break
            
            if zone:
                records = driver.list_records(zone)
                provider_records[provider_name] = {
                    (r.name, r.type): r.data for r in records
                }
                print(f"{provider_name}: {len(records)} records")
            else:
                print(f"{provider_name}: Domain not found")
                provider_records[provider_name] = {}
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error accessing {provider_name}: {e}")
            provider_records[provider_name] = {}
    
    # Find differences
    all_record_keys = set()
    for records in provider_records.values():
        all_record_keys.update(records.keys())
    
    print(f"\nRecord comparison for {domain}:")
    for key in sorted(all_record_keys):
        name, record_type = key
        values = []
        for provider in provider_records:
            value = provider_records[provider].get(key, 'MISSING')
            values.append(f"{provider}: {value}")
        print(f"  {name} {record_type}: {', '.join(values)}")

# Usage
compare_dns_records('example.com')

import socket
import time
from typing import Dict, List

def verify_dns_propagation(domain: str, record_name: str, record_type: str, expected_value: str, nameservers: List[str] = None) -> Dict[str, str]:
    """Verify DNS record propagation across nameservers"""
    import dns.resolver
    
    if not nameservers:
        nameservers = ['8.8.8.8', '1.1.1.1', '208.67.222.222']  # Google, Cloudflare, OpenDNS
    
    results = {}
    fqdn = f"{record_name}.{domain}" if record_name != '@' else domain
    
    for ns in nameservers:
        try:
            resolver = dns.resolver.Resolver()
            resolver.nameservers = [ns]
            
            answers = resolver.query(fqdn, record_type)
            actual_value = str(answers[0])
            
            results[ns] = {
                'value': actual_value,
                'matches': actual_value == expected_value,
                'status': 'OK' if actual_value == expected_value else 'MISMATCH'
            }
        except Exception as e:
            results[ns] = {
                'value': None,
                'matches': False,
                'status': f'ERROR: {e}'
            }
    
    return results

def monitor_dns_changes(driver, zone, record_name: str, check_interval: int = 60):
    """Monitor DNS record changes"""
    print(f"Monitoring DNS changes for {record_name}.{zone.domain}")
    
    last_values = {}
    
    while True:
        try:
            records = driver.list_records(zone)
            current_values = {}
            
            for record in records:
                if record.name == record_name:
                    key = f"{record.name}_{record.type}"
                    current_values[key] = record.data
            
            # Check for changes
            for key, value in current_values.items():
                if key in last_values and last_values[key] != value:
                    print(f"CHANGE DETECTED: {key} changed from {last_values[key]} to {value}")
                elif key not in last_values:
                    print(f"NEW RECORD: {key} = {value}")
            
            # Check for deletions
            for key in last_values:
                if key not in current_values:
                    print(f"RECORD DELETED: {key} was {last_values[key]}")
            
            last_values = current_values.copy()
            
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error monitoring DNS: {e}")
        
        time.sleep(check_interval)

# Usage
zone = driver.get_zone('Z123456789')

# Verify propagation after creating a record
record = driver.create_record('test', zone, RecordType.A, '192.168.1.50')
time.sleep(10)  # Wait a bit for propagation

propagation_results = verify_dns_propagation('example.com', 'test', 'A', '192.168.1.50')
for ns, result in propagation_results.items():
    print(f"Nameserver {ns}: {result['status']} ({result['value']})")

import json
from datetime import datetime

def backup_zone(driver, zone) -> Dict:
    """Create a backup of all records in a zone"""
    backup_data = {
        'zone': {
            'domain': zone.domain,
            'type': zone.type,
            'ttl': zone.ttl,
            'extra': zone.extra
        },
        'records': [],
        'backup_timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
    }
    
    records = driver.list_records(zone)
    for record in records:
        backup_data['records'].append({
            'name': record.name,
            'type': record.type,
            'data': record.data,
            'ttl': record.ttl,
            'extra': record.extra
        })
    
    print(f"Backed up {len(records)} records from {zone.domain}")
    return backup_data

def restore_zone(driver, backup_data: Dict, domain: str = None):
    """Restore a zone from backup data"""
    domain = domain or backup_data['zone']['domain']
    
    # Create zone if it doesn't exist
    zone = None
    try:
        zones = driver.list_zones()
        for z in zones:
            if z.domain == domain:
                zone = z
                break
        
        if not zone:
            zone = driver.create_zone(
                domain=domain,
                type=backup_data['zone']['type'],
                ttl=backup_data['zone']['ttl']
            )
            print(f"Created zone: {domain}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error creating zone: {e}")
        return
    
    # Restore records
    restored_count = 0
    for record_data in backup_data['records']:
        try:
            record = driver.create_record(
                name=record_data['name'],
                zone=zone,
                type=record_data['type'],
                data=record_data['data'],
                extra=record_data.get('extra', {})
            )
            restored_count += 1
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Failed to restore record {record_data['name']}: {e}")
    
    print(f"Restored {restored_count} records to {domain}")

# Usage
zone = driver.get_zone('Z123456789')

# Create backup
backup = backup_zone(driver, zone)

# Save backup to file
with open(f'dns_backup_{zone.domain}_{datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")}.json', 'w') as f:
    json.dump(backup, f, indent=2)

# Restore from backup (to same or different domain)
restore_zone(driver, backup, 'new-example.com')

from libcloud.dns.types import (
    ZoneError,
    RecordError,
    ZoneDoesNotExistError,
    RecordDoesNotExistError,
    ZoneAlreadyExistsError,
    RecordAlreadyExistsError
)

class ZoneError(LibcloudError):
    """Base zone exception"""
    
class RecordError(LibcloudError):
    """Base record exception"""
    
class ZoneDoesNotExistError(ZoneError):
    """Zone does not exist"""
    
class RecordDoesNotExistError(RecordError):
    """Record does not exist"""
    
class ZoneAlreadyExistsError(ZoneError):
    """Zone already exists"""
    
class RecordAlreadyExistsError(RecordError):
    """Record already exists"""

from libcloud.dns.types import ZoneDoesNotExistError, RecordAlreadyExistsError
from libcloud.common.types import InvalidCredsError

try:
    # Attempt to get a zone
    zone = driver.get_zone('nonexistent-zone-id')
except ZoneDoesNotExistError:
    print("Zone not found, creating new zone...")
    zone = driver.create_zone('example.com')

try:
    # Attempt to create a record
    record = driver.create_record('www', zone, RecordType.A, '192.168.1.1')
except RecordAlreadyExistsError:
    print("Record already exists, updating instead...")
    existing_records = driver.list_records(zone, type=RecordType.A)
    for record in existing_records:
        if record.name == 'www':
            record.update(data='192.168.1.1')
            break

except InvalidCredsError:
    print("Invalid DNS provider credentials")

# Route 53 specific features
route53_driver = get_driver(Provider.ROUTE53)('access_key', 'secret_key')

# Create record with Route 53 specific options
record = route53_driver.create_record(
    name='www',
    zone=zone,
    type=RecordType.A,
    data='192.168.1.1',
    extra={
        'ttl': 300,
        'health_check_id': 'hc-123456',  # Health check integration
        'set_identifier': 'primary',     # For routing policies
        'weight': 100                    # Weighted routing
    }
)

# CloudFlare specific features
cf_driver = get_driver(Provider.CLOUDFLARE)('email', 'api_key')

# Create record with CloudFlare proxy enabled
record = cf_driver.create_record(
    name='www',
    zone=zone,
    type=RecordType.A,
    data='192.168.1.1',
    extra={
        'proxied': True,     # Enable CloudFlare proxy
        'ttl': 1            # Automatic TTL when proxied
    }
)