Import and Export

def import_certificate(
    certificate_name: str,
    certificate_bytes: bytes,
    *,
    enabled: Optional[bool] = None,
    tags: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
    password: Optional[str] = None,
    policy: Optional[CertificatePolicy] = None,
    preserve_order: Optional[bool] = None,
    **kwargs: Any
) -> KeyVaultCertificate:
    """
    Import a certificate into the vault.

    Parameters:
    - certificate_name: Name for the imported certificate
    - certificate_bytes: Certificate data in PKCS#12 or PEM format
    - enabled: Whether the certificate should be enabled
    - tags: Metadata tags for the certificate
    - password: Password for PKCS#12 certificates (if encrypted)
    - policy: Certificate policy (uses default if not specified)
    - preserve_order: Whether to preserve certificate chain order

    Returns:
    KeyVaultCertificate: The imported certificate

    Raises:
    ValueError: If certificate data is invalid
    HttpResponseError: For service-side errors
    """

# Import PKCS#12 certificate with private key
with open("certificate.p12", "rb") as cert_file:
    cert_bytes = cert_file.read()

imported_cert = client.import_certificate(
    certificate_name="imported-cert",
    certificate_bytes=cert_bytes,
    password="certificate-password",  # Password for encrypted PKCS#12
    enabled=True,
    tags={"source": "external", "type": "ssl"}
)
print(f"Imported certificate: {imported_cert.name}")

# Import PEM certificate without private key  
with open("certificate.pem", "rb") as cert_file:
    pem_bytes = cert_file.read()

imported_cert = client.import_certificate(
    certificate_name="pem-cert",
    certificate_bytes=pem_bytes,
    policy=CertificatePolicy.get_default()
)

# Import with custom policy
from azure.keyvault.certificates import CertificatePolicy, KeyType

custom_policy = CertificatePolicy.get_default()
custom_policy.key_type = KeyType.rsa
custom_policy.key_size = 4096

imported_cert = client.import_certificate(
    certificate_name="secure-cert",
    certificate_bytes=cert_bytes,
    policy=custom_policy,
    tags={"security_level": "high"}
)

def backup_certificate(certificate_name: str, **kwargs: Any) -> bytes:
    """
    Backup a certificate from the vault.

    Parameters:
    - certificate_name: Name of the certificate to backup

    Returns:
    bytes: Encrypted backup data containing all certificate versions

    Raises:
    ResourceNotFoundError: If the certificate doesn't exist
    HttpResponseError: For service-side errors
    """

# Create backup
backup_data = client.backup_certificate("my-cert")
print(f"Backup size: {len(backup_data)} bytes")

# Save backup to file
with open("certificate_backup.blob", "wb") as backup_file:
    backup_file.write(backup_data)

# Multiple certificate backup
certificates_to_backup = ["cert1", "cert2", "cert3"]
backups = {}

for cert_name in certificates_to_backup:
    try:
        backup_data = client.backup_certificate(cert_name)
        backups[cert_name] = backup_data
        print(f"Backed up {cert_name}: {len(backup_data)} bytes")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Failed to backup {cert_name}: {e}")

# Save all backups
import json
backup_manifest = {
    "timestamp": datetime.now().isoformat(),
    "certificates": list(backups.keys()),
    "count": len(backups)
}

with open("backup_manifest.json", "w") as manifest_file:
    json.dump(backup_manifest, manifest_file, indent=2)

def restore_certificate_backup(backup: bytes, **kwargs: Any) -> KeyVaultCertificate:
    """
    Restore a certificate from backup data.

    Parameters:
    - backup: Encrypted backup data from backup_certificate

    Returns:
    KeyVaultCertificate: The restored certificate (latest version)

    Raises:
    ValueError: If backup data is invalid or corrupted
    ConflictError: If a certificate with the same name already exists
    HttpResponseError: For service-side errors
    """

# Restore from backup data
with open("certificate_backup.blob", "rb") as backup_file:
    backup_data = backup_file.read()

restored_cert = client.restore_certificate_backup(backup_data)
print(f"Restored certificate: {restored_cert.name}")
print(f"Version: {restored_cert.properties.version}")

# Restore multiple certificates
import os
import json

# Load backup manifest
with open("backup_manifest.json", "r") as manifest_file:
    manifest = json.load(manifest_file)

restored_certificates = []

for cert_name in manifest["certificates"]:
    backup_file_path = f"{cert_name}_backup.blob"
    if os.path.exists(backup_file_path):
        try:
            with open(backup_file_path, "rb") as backup_file:
                backup_data = backup_file.read()
            
            restored_cert = client.restore_certificate_backup(backup_data)
            restored_certificates.append(restored_cert.name)
            print(f"Restored: {restored_cert.name}")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Failed to restore {cert_name}: {e}")

print(f"Successfully restored {len(restored_certificates)} certificates")

# Extract certificate information
certificate = client.get_certificate("my-cert")

# Get the certificate in DER format (binary)
der_cert = certificate.cer
print(f"DER certificate size: {len(der_cert)} bytes")

# Convert to PEM format for display/export
import base64

pem_cert = (
    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
    base64.b64encode(der_cert).decode('ascii') +
    "\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
)
print("PEM format:")
print(pem_cert)

# Extract certificate details using cryptography library (if available)
try:
    from cryptography import x509
    from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
    
    cert_obj = x509.load_der_x509_certificate(der_cert, default_backend())
    
    print(f"Subject: {cert_obj.subject.rfc4514_string()}")
    print(f"Issuer: {cert_obj.issuer.rfc4514_string()}")
    print(f"Serial: {cert_obj.serial_number}")
    print(f"Not valid before: {cert_obj.not_valid_before}")
    print(f"Not valid after: {cert_obj.not_valid_after}")
    
except ImportError:
    print("cryptography library not available for certificate parsing")

import os
from pathlib import Path

def import_certificates_from_directory(client, directory_path, file_extension=".p12"):
    """Import all certificates from a directory."""
    imported_count = 0
    failed_imports = []
    
    directory = Path(directory_path)
    
    for cert_file in directory.glob(f"*{file_extension}"):
        try:
            with open(cert_file, "rb") as f:
                cert_bytes = f.read()
            
            # Use filename (without extension) as certificate name
            cert_name = cert_file.stem
            
            imported_cert = client.import_certificate(
                certificate_name=cert_name,
                certificate_bytes=cert_bytes,
                enabled=True,
                tags={
                    "source": "bulk_import",
                    "original_file": cert_file.name
                }
            )
            
            print(f"Imported: {imported_cert.name}")
            imported_count += 1
            
        except Exception as e:
            failed_imports.append((cert_file.name, str(e)))
            print(f"Failed to import {cert_file.name}: {e}")
    
    print(f"\nImport summary:")
    print(f"Successfully imported: {imported_count}")
    print(f"Failed imports: {len(failed_imports)}")
    
    return imported_count, failed_imports

# Usage
imported, failed = import_certificates_from_directory(
    client, 
    "/path/to/certificates",
    ".p12"
)

from azure.core.exceptions import ResourceNotFoundError, ConflictError, HttpResponseError

# Import error handling
try:
    with open("certificate.p12", "rb") as f:
        cert_bytes = f.read()
    
    imported_cert = client.import_certificate(
        certificate_name="my-cert",
        certificate_bytes=cert_bytes
    )
except ValueError as e:
    print(f"Invalid certificate data: {e}")
except ConflictError:
    print("Certificate with this name already exists")
except HttpResponseError as e:
    print(f"Service error: {e.status_code} - {e.message}")
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("Certificate file not found")

# Backup error handling  
try:
    backup_data = client.backup_certificate("non-existent-cert")
except ResourceNotFoundError:
    print("Certificate not found for backup")
except HttpResponseError as e:
    if e.status_code == 403:
        print("Insufficient permissions for backup operation")
    else:
        print(f"Backup failed: {e.message}")

# Restore error handling
try:
    with open("corrupted_backup.blob", "rb") as f:
        backup_data = f.read()
    
    restored_cert = client.restore_certificate_backup(backup_data)
except ValueError:
    print("Invalid or corrupted backup data")
except ConflictError:
    print("Cannot restore - certificate with same name exists")
except HttpResponseError as e:
    if e.status_code == 400:
        print("Backup data is invalid or from different region")
    else:
        print(f"Restore failed: {e.message}")

import datetime
import json
from pathlib import Path

class CertificateBackupManager:
    """Manages certificate backups with metadata and validation."""
    
    def __init__(self, client, backup_directory="./cert_backups"):
        self.client = client
        self.backup_dir = Path(backup_directory)
        self.backup_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
    
    def backup_all_certificates(self):
        """Backup all certificates in the vault."""
        timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
        backup_session_dir = self.backup_dir / f"backup_{timestamp}"
        backup_session_dir.mkdir()
        
        successful_backups = []
        failed_backups = []
        
        # Get all certificates
        for cert_props in self.client.list_properties_of_certificates():
            cert_name = cert_props.name
            
            try:
                # Create backup
                backup_data = self.client.backup_certificate(cert_name)
                
                # Save backup file
                backup_file = backup_session_dir / f"{cert_name}.backup"
                with open(backup_file, "wb") as f:
                    f.write(backup_data)
                
                successful_backups.append({
                    "name": cert_name,
                    "file": str(backup_file),
                    "size": len(backup_data),
                    "expires_on": cert_props.expires_on.isoformat() if cert_props.expires_on else None
                })
                
            except Exception as e:
                failed_backups.append({
                    "name": cert_name,
                    "error": str(e)
                })
        
        # Create manifest
        manifest = {
            "backup_timestamp": timestamp,
            "vault_url": str(self.client.vault_url),
            "successful_backups": successful_backups,
            "failed_backups": failed_backups,
            "total_certificates": len(successful_backups) + len(failed_backups)
        }
        
        manifest_file = backup_session_dir / "manifest.json"
        with open(manifest_file, "w") as f:
            json.dump(manifest, f, indent=2)
        
        print(f"Backup completed: {len(successful_backups)} successful, {len(failed_backups)} failed")
        return manifest

# Usage
backup_manager = CertificateBackupManager(client)
backup_manifest = backup_manager.backup_all_certificates()