tessl/pypi-babel
Internationalization utilities for Python providing locale data, date/time/number formatting, and message catalog management
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Babel
A comprehensive Python internationalization and localization library that provides an integrated collection of utilities for internationalizing and localizing Python applications. Babel consists of two major components: tools for building and working with gettext message catalogs for translating user interfaces, and a Python interface to the CLDR (Common Locale Data Repository) providing access to various locale display names, localized number and date formatting, currency symbols, and other locale-specific data.
Package Information
- Package Name: babel
- Language: Python
- Installation:
pip install babel
Core Imports
import babel
from babel import Locale, UnknownLocaleErrorFor specific functionality:
from babel.core import Locale, default_locale, negotiate_locale, parse_locale
from babel.dates import format_date, format_datetime, format_time
from babel.numbers import format_decimal, format_currency, format_percent
from babel.messages import Catalog, MessageBasic Usage
from babel import Locale
from babel.dates import format_date, format_datetime
from babel.numbers import format_decimal, format_currency
import datetime
# Create locale objects
locale = Locale('en_US')
french_locale = Locale('fr_FR')
# Format dates according to locale
date = datetime.date(2023, 12, 25)
formatted_date = format_date(date, locale=locale) # "Dec 25, 2023"
formatted_date_fr = format_date(date, locale=french_locale) # "25 déc. 2023"
# Format numbers and currencies
number = 1234.56
formatted_number = format_decimal(number, locale=locale) # "1,234.56"
formatted_currency = format_currency(number, 'USD', locale=locale) # "$1,234.56"
# Access locale information
print(locale.get_display_name()) # "English (United States)"
print(locale.get_language_name()) # "English"
print(locale.get_territory_name()) # "United States"Architecture
Babel's architecture centers around locale objects and formatting functions that leverage CLDR data:
- Locale: Central class providing access to locale-specific data and formatting rules
- CLDR Integration: Comprehensive locale data repository providing culturally appropriate formatting
- Formatting Functions: Specialized functions for dates, numbers, currencies, and units
- Message Catalogs: Complete gettext-compatible translation management system
- Extensible Design: Modular structure allowing selective imports and customization
This design enables Babel to serve as the primary internationalization library for Python applications, supporting both simple locale-aware formatting tasks and complex multilingual application development workflows.
Capabilities
Core Locale Management
Fundamental locale operations including locale creation, parsing, negotiation, and access to locale-specific display information and formatting rules.
class Locale:
def __init__(self, language, territory=None, script=None, variant=None, modifier=None): ...
@classmethod
def parse(cls, identifier, sep='_', resolve_likely_subtags=True): ...
def get_display_name(self, locale=None): ...
def get_language_name(self, locale=None): ...
def default_locale(category=None, aliases=None): ...
def negotiate_locale(preferred, available, sep='_', aliases=None): ...
def parse_locale(identifier, sep='_'): ...Date and Time Formatting
Comprehensive date, time, and datetime formatting with locale-aware patterns, timezone support, and flexible formatting options including skeleton-based formatting and relative time display.
def format_date(date, format='medium', locale=default_locale()): ...
def format_datetime(datetime, format='medium', tzinfo=None, locale=default_locale()): ...
def format_time(time, format='medium', tzinfo=None, locale=default_locale()): ...
def format_timedelta(delta, granularity='second', threshold=0.85, add_direction=False, format='long', locale=default_locale()): ...Number and Currency Formatting
Locale-aware number, decimal, currency, and percentage formatting with support for different numbering systems, compact notation, and precision control.
def format_decimal(number, format=None, locale=default_locale(), numbering_system="latn"): ...
def format_currency(number, currency, format=None, locale=default_locale(), currency_digits=True, format_type='standard'): ...
def format_percent(number, format=None, locale=default_locale(), numbering_system="latn"): ...
def format_scientific(number, format=None, locale=default_locale(), numbering_system="latn"): ...Number and Currency Formatting
Message Catalog Management
Complete gettext-compatible message catalog system for managing translatable strings, including catalog creation, message extraction, PO/MO file handling, and translation management.
class Catalog:
def __init__(self, locale=None, domain=None, **kwargs): ...
def add(self, id, string=None, locations=(), flags=(), auto_comments=(), user_comments=()): ...
def get(self, id, context=None): ...
class Message:
def __init__(self, id, string='', locations=(), flags=(), auto_comments=(), user_comments=()): ...Plural Rules and Language Data
Plural rule handling for different languages, language territory information, and list formatting according to locale conventions.
class PluralRule:
def __init__(self, rules): ...
def __call__(self, n): ...
def get_official_languages(territory, regional=False, de_facto=False): ...
def format_list(lst, style='standard', locale=default_locale()): ...Plural Rules and Language Data
Units and Utilities
Unit formatting for measurements, utility functions for text processing and pattern matching, and support classes for translation management.
def format_unit(value, measurement_unit, length='long', format=None, locale=default_locale()): ...
def format_compound_unit(numerator_value, numerator_unit, denominator_value, denominator_unit, length='long', format=None, locale=default_locale()): ...
class Format:
def __init__(self, locale, tzinfo=None, numbering_system="latn"): ...
def date(self, date=None, format='medium'): ...
def currency(self, number, currency): ...Exception Classes
class UnknownLocaleError(Exception):
"""Raised when an unknown locale identifier is used."""
class UnknownCurrencyError(Exception):
"""Raised when an unknown currency code is used."""
class UnknownUnitError(ValueError):
"""Raised when an unknown unit of measurement is used."""
class UnsupportedNumberingSystemError(Exception):
"""Raised when an unsupported numbering system is used."""
class UnknownCurrencyFormatError(KeyError):
"""Raised when an unknown currency format is requested."""
class NumberFormatError(ValueError):
"""Raised when number formatting fails."""
class ParseError(ValueError):
"""Raised when date/time parsing fails."""
class RuleError(Exception):
"""Raised when plural rule parsing or evaluation fails."""
class TranslationError(Exception):
"""Raised for translation-related errors."""
class PoFileError(Exception):
"""Raised when PO file parsing fails."""