Django Views

class GraphQLView(django.views.generic.View):
    """
    Django view for serving GraphQL endpoint with GraphiQL support.
    
    Handles GET requests for GraphiQL interface and POST requests for
    GraphQL query execution with comprehensive error handling and
    middleware integration.
    """
    
    schema = None              # GraphQL schema
    executor = None            # Custom executor
    middleware = None          # GraphQL middleware
    graphiql = False          # Enable GraphiQL interface
    pretty = False            # Pretty print JSON responses
    batch = False             # Enable query batching
    
    def __init__(self, schema=None, executor=None, middleware=None, 
                 graphiql=False, pretty=False, batch=False, **kwargs):
        """
        Initialize GraphQL view.
        
        Parameters:
        - schema: GraphQL schema instance
        - executor: Custom GraphQL executor
        - middleware: List of GraphQL middleware
        - graphiql: Enable GraphiQL development interface
        - pretty: Pretty print JSON responses
        - batch: Enable batched query execution
        - **kwargs: Additional view options
        """
    
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Handle HTTP requests and route to appropriate methods.
        
        Parameters:
        - request: Django HTTP request
        - *args: URL arguments
        - **kwargs: URL keyword arguments
        
        Returns:
        django.http.HttpResponse: HTTP response
        """
    
    def get_response(self, request, data, show_graphiql=False):
        """
        Process GraphQL requests and return responses.
        
        Parameters:
        - request: Django HTTP request
        - data: GraphQL query data
        - show_graphiql: Whether to show GraphiQL interface
        
        Returns:  
        django.http.HttpResponse: GraphQL response
        """
    
    def render_graphiql(self, request, **data):
        """
        Render GraphiQL development interface.
        
        Parameters:
        - request: Django HTTP request
        - **data: GraphiQL configuration data
        
        Returns:
        django.http.HttpResponse: GraphiQL HTML response
        """
    
    def get_graphql_params(self, request, data):
        """
        Extract GraphQL parameters from request.
        
        Parameters:
        - request: Django HTTP request  
        - data: Request data
        
        Returns:
        dict: GraphQL execution parameters (query, variables, operation_name)
        """
    
    def format_error(self, error):
        """
        Format GraphQL execution errors.
        
        Parameters:
        - error: GraphQL execution error
        
        Returns:
        dict: Formatted error data
        """
    
    def get_context(self, request):
        """
        Get GraphQL execution context from request.
        
        Parameters:
        - request: Django HTTP request
        
        Returns:
        dict: Execution context
        """
    
    def can_display_graphiql(self, request, data):
        """
        Determine if GraphiQL interface should be displayed.
        
        Parameters:
        - request: Django HTTP request
        - data: Request data
        
        Returns:
        bool: True if GraphiQL should be shown
        """
    
    @classmethod  
    def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
        """
        Create view instance with configuration.
        
        Parameters:
        - **initkwargs: View initialization arguments
        
        Returns:
        function: Configured view function
        """

class HttpError(Exception):
    """
    HTTP-specific exception for GraphQL errors.
    
    Allows GraphQL resolvers to return specific HTTP status codes
    and custom error responses for client error handling.
    """
    
    def __init__(self, response, message=None, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Initialize HTTP error.
        
        Parameters:
        - response: django.http.HttpResponse or status code
        - message: Error message
        - *args: Additional exception arguments
        - **kwargs: Additional exception keyword arguments
        """
        self.response = response
        self.message = message
        super().__init__(message, *args, **kwargs)

from django.urls import path
from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView
from myapp.schema import schema

urlpatterns = [
    path('graphql/', GraphQLView.as_view(schema=schema)),
]

from django.conf import settings

urlpatterns = [
    path('graphql/', GraphQLView.as_view(
        schema=schema,
        graphiql=settings.DEBUG  # Enable GraphiQL in development
    )),
]

from graphene_django.debug import DjangoDebugMiddleware

class CustomGraphQLView(GraphQLView):
    def get_context(self, request):
        return {
            'request': request,
            'user': request.user,
        }

urlpatterns = [
    path('graphql/', CustomGraphQLView.as_view(
        schema=schema,
        middleware=[DjangoDebugMiddleware()],
        graphiql=True
    )),
]

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator

@method_decorator(login_required, name='dispatch')
class ProtectedGraphQLView(GraphQLView):
    pass

urlpatterns = [
    path('api/graphql/', ProtectedGraphQLView.as_view(schema=schema)),
]

import json
from django.http import JsonResponse

class CustomGraphQLView(GraphQLView):
    def format_error(self, error):
        formatted_error = super().format_error(error)
        
        # Add custom error logging
        if hasattr(error, 'original_error'):
            logger.error(f"GraphQL Error: {error.original_error}")
        
        return formatted_error
    
    def get_response(self, request, data, show_graphiql=False):
        try:
            return super().get_response(request, data, show_graphiql)
        except Exception as e:
            return JsonResponse({
                'errors': [{'message': 'Internal server error'}]
            }, status=500)

urlpatterns = [
    path('graphql/', GraphQLView.as_view(
        schema=schema,
        batch=True,  # Enable query batching
        graphiql=True
    )),
]

# Client can send multiple queries:
# POST /graphql/
# [
#   {"query": "query { users { id } }"},
#   {"query": "query { posts { title } }"}
# ]

from graphql import GraphQLError
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

def custom_executor(fn, *args, **kwargs):
    """Custom executor with thread pool."""
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as executor:
        return executor.submit(fn, *args, **kwargs).result()

urlpatterns = [
    path('graphql/', GraphQLView.as_view(
        schema=schema,
        executor=custom_executor
    )),
]

from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator

@method_decorator(csrf_exempt, name='dispatch')
class CORSGraphQLView(GraphQLView):
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        response = super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = '*'
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Methods'] = 'POST, GET, OPTIONS'
        response['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = 'Content-Type, Authorization'
        return response

from graphene_django.views import HttpError
from django.http import HttpResponseForbidden

class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
    sensitive_data = graphene.String()
    
    def resolve_sensitive_data(self, info):
        if not info.context.user.is_staff:
            raise HttpError(
                HttpResponseForbidden("Access denied"),
                message="Insufficient permissions"
            )
        return "Secret information"