Rendering System

# Global configuration access
from manim import config

# Core rendering settings
config.pixel_height: int  # Vertical resolution in pixels
config.pixel_width: int   # Horizontal resolution in pixels
config.frame_rate: float  # Animation frame rate (fps)
config.frame_height: float  # Scene height in Manim units
config.frame_width: float   # Scene width in Manim units

# Quality presets
config.quality: str  # Quality preset name
config.low_quality: bool      # 480p15 (854x480, 15fps)  
config.medium_quality: bool   # 720p30 (1280x720, 30fps)
config.high_quality: bool     # 1080p60 (1920x1080, 60fps)
config.production_quality: bool  # 1440p60 (2560x1440, 60fps)
config.fourk_quality: bool    # 4K60 (3840x2160, 60fps)

# Output settings
config.output_file: str      # Output filename
config.scenes_names: list[str]  # Scenes to render
config.output_dir: str       # Output directory path
config.images_dir: str       # Directory for image outputs
config.video_dir: str        # Directory for video outputs
config.partial_movie_dir: str  # Directory for partial renders

# Rendering behavior
config.preview: bool         # Whether to preview after rendering
config.show_in_file_browser: bool  # Open output folder when done
config.write_to_movie: bool  # Generate video output
config.write_all: bool       # Render all scenes in file
config.save_last_frame: bool # Save final frame as image
config.save_pngs: bool       # Save individual frame images
config.save_as_gif: bool     # Generate GIF output
config.transparent: bool     # Use transparent background

# Performance settings  
config.disable_caching: bool  # Disable animation caching
config.flush_cache: bool     # Clear existing cache
config.tex_template: str     # LaTeX template for math rendering
config.verbosity: str        # Logging level ("DEBUG", "INFO", "WARNING", "ERROR")

# Renderer selection
config.renderer: str         # "cairo" or "opengl" 
config.use_opengl_renderer: bool  # Whether to use OpenGL

# Background and styling
config.background_color: str    # Scene background color
config.background_opacity: float  # Background opacity

class CairoRenderer:
    """
    2D renderer using Cairo graphics library for high-quality vector output.
    
    Optimized for precise mathematical graphics, text rendering, and
    publication-quality static images and animations.
    """
    
    def __init__(
        file_writer_class: type = SceneFileWriter,
        camera_class: type = Camera,
        skip_animations: bool = False,
        **kwargs
    ) -> None:
        """
        Parameters:
        - file_writer_class: Class for handling file output
        - camera_class: Camera class for viewport management
        - skip_animations: Whether to skip animation rendering
        """
    
    def init_scene(scene: Scene) -> None:
        """Initialize renderer for a specific scene."""
    
    def play(
        scene: Scene,
        *animations: Animation,
        **kwargs
    ) -> None:
        """
        Render a play() call with given animations.
        
        Handles animation caching, frame generation, and file output
        for the specified animations.
        
        Parameters:
        - scene: Scene being rendered
        - *animations: Animations to render
        """
    
    def scene_finished(scene: Scene) -> None:
        """Clean up after scene rendering is complete."""
    
    def render(
        scene: Scene,
        time: float,
        moving_mobjects: list[Mobject]
    ) -> None:
        """
        Render a single frame at specified time.
        
        Parameters:
        - scene: Scene to render
        - time: Animation time for the frame
        - moving_mobjects: Mobjects being animated
        """
    
    def update_skipping_status(self) -> None:
        """Update animation skipping based on configuration."""
    
    def get_frame(self) -> np.ndarray:
        """
        Get current rendered frame as pixel array.
        
        Returns:
        - np.ndarray: Frame pixels in RGBA format
        """
    
    def save_static_frame_data(
        scene: Scene,
        static_image: np.ndarray
    ) -> None:
        """Save frame data for static image output."""
    
    @property
    def camera() -> Camera:
        """Camera used by this renderer."""
    
    @property  
    def file_writer() -> SceneFileWriter:
        """File writer for output generation."""
    
    @property
    def time() -> float:
        """Current animation time."""
    
    @property
    def num_plays() -> int:
        """Number of play() calls rendered so far."""

class OpenGLRenderer:
    """
    Hardware-accelerated 3D renderer using OpenGL for real-time rendering.
    
    Optimized for 3D scenes, real-time preview, and interactive development
    with support for lighting, shading, and complex 3D transformations.
    """
    
    def __init__(
        file_writer_class: type = SceneFileWriter,
        skip_animations: bool = False,
        **kwargs
    ) -> None:
        """
        Parameters:
        - file_writer_class: Class for handling file output
        - skip_animations: Whether to skip animation rendering
        """
    
    def init_scene(scene: Scene) -> None:
        """Initialize OpenGL context and scene resources."""
    
    def play(
        scene: Scene,
        *animations: Animation,
        **kwargs  
    ) -> None:
        """Render animations using OpenGL pipeline."""
    
    def scene_finished(scene: Scene) -> None:
        """Clean up OpenGL resources after scene completion."""
    
    def render(
        scene: Scene,
        time: float,
        moving_mobjects: list[Mobject]
    ) -> None:
        """
        Render frame using OpenGL shaders and buffers.
        
        Parameters:
        - scene: Scene to render
        - time: Animation time
        - moving_mobjects: Objects being animated
        """
    
    def refresh_static_mobjects(self) -> None:
        """Refresh static mobjects in GPU buffers."""
    
    def add_mobjects_to_buffer(
        *mobjects: Mobject
    ) -> None:
        """Add mobjects to OpenGL rendering buffers."""
    
    def clear_buffer(self) -> None:
        """Clear OpenGL rendering buffers."""
    
    @property
    def camera() -> Camera:
        """OpenGL camera for 3D rendering."""
    
    @property
    def window() -> Window:
        """OpenGL window for rendering context."""

class Window:
    """
    OpenGL window management for interactive rendering and preview.
    
    Handles window creation, event processing, and real-time display
    for development and interactive exploration.
    """
    
    def __init__(
        scene: Scene,
        **kwargs
    ) -> None:
        """
        Parameters:
        - scene: Scene to display in window
        """
    
    def setup(self) -> None:
        """Initialize OpenGL window and context."""
    
    def tear_down(self) -> None:
        """Clean up window and OpenGL resources."""
    
    def capture_frame(self) -> np.ndarray:
        """
        Capture current window contents as image.
        
        Returns:
        - np.ndarray: Window pixels in RGBA format
        """
    
    def should_close(self) -> bool:
        """Check if window should be closed."""
    
    def swap_buffers(self) -> None:
        """Swap front and back buffers for display."""
    
    def poll_events(self) -> None:
        """Process window events and user input."""

class SceneFileWriter:
    """
    File output management for rendered scenes supporting multiple formats.
    
    Handles video encoding, image export, caching, and file organization
    with support for various output formats and quality settings.
    """
    
    def __init__(
        renderer: CairoRenderer | OpenGLRenderer,
        scene_name: str,
        **kwargs
    ) -> None:
        """
        Parameters:
        - renderer: Renderer producing the output
        - scene_name: Name of scene being rendered
        """
    
    def write_opengl_frame(
        frame: np.ndarray,
        num_frames: int = 1
    ) -> None:
        """
        Write OpenGL-rendered frame to output.
        
        Parameters:
        - frame: Frame pixel data
        - num_frames: Number of times to repeat frame
        """
    
    def save_final_image(
        image: np.ndarray
    ) -> None:
        """
        Save final frame as static image.
        
        Parameters:
        - image: Final frame to save
        """
    
    def finish(self) -> None:
        """Finalize output file and clean up resources."""
    
    def add_partial_movie_file(
        hash_animation: str
    ) -> None:
        """
        Add cached animation segment to final output.
        
        Parameters:
        - hash_animation: Hash identifying cached animation
        """
    
    def is_already_cached(
        hash_animation: str
    ) -> bool:
        """
        Check if animation is already cached.
        
        Parameters:
        - hash_animation: Animation hash to check
        
        Returns:
        - bool: True if animation is cached
        """
    
    def combine_partial_movie_files(self) -> None:
        """Combine partial movie files into final output."""
    
    def clean_cache(self, **kwargs) -> None:
        """Clean animation cache files."""
    
    # Output format methods
    def save_as_png(
        frame: np.ndarray,
        filename: str
    ) -> None:
        """Save frame as PNG image."""
    
    def save_as_gif(
        frames: list[np.ndarray],
        filename: str,
        fps: float = 15
    ) -> None:
        """Save frames as animated GIF."""
    
    def init_audio(self) -> None:
        """Initialize audio processing for video output."""
    
    def add_audio_segment(
        audio_segment: AudioSegment
    ) -> None:
        """Add audio segment to video output."""
    
    @property
    def output_name() -> str:
        """Final output filename."""
    
    @property
    def partial_movie_files() -> list[str]:
        """List of partial movie files for combining."""

# Quality preset configurations
QUALITIES = {
    "fourk_quality": {
        "pixel_height": 2160,
        "pixel_width": 3840,
        "frame_rate": 60,
    },
    "production_quality": {
        "pixel_height": 1440,
        "pixel_width": 2560, 
        "frame_rate": 60,
    },
    "high_quality": {
        "pixel_height": 1080,
        "pixel_width": 1920,
        "frame_rate": 60,
    },
    "medium_quality": {
        "pixel_height": 720,
        "pixel_width": 1280,
        "frame_rate": 30,
    },
    "low_quality": {
        "pixel_height": 480,
        "pixel_width": 854,
        "frame_rate": 15,
    },
    "example_quality": {
        "pixel_height": 480,
        "pixel_width": 854,
        "frame_rate": 15,
    }
}

# Configuration helper functions
def set_quality(quality_name: str) -> None:
    """
    Set rendering quality using preset.
    
    Parameters:
    - quality_name: Name of quality preset
    """

def set_custom_quality(
    pixel_width: int,
    pixel_height: int,
    frame_rate: float = 30
) -> None:
    """
    Set custom quality parameters.
    
    Parameters:
    - pixel_width: Horizontal resolution
    - pixel_height: Vertical resolution  
    - frame_rate: Animation frame rate
    """

def set_output_format(
    format_type: str,
    **kwargs
) -> None:
    """
    Configure output format and settings.
    
    Parameters:
    - format_type: "mp4", "gif", "png", "mov", "webm"
    """

# Renderer selection
def use_cairo_renderer() -> None:
    """Switch to Cairo renderer for high-quality 2D output."""

def use_opengl_renderer() -> None:
    """Switch to OpenGL renderer for 3D and real-time rendering."""

# Background and styling
def set_background_color(color: str) -> None:
    """Set scene background color."""

def set_transparent_background(transparent: bool = True) -> None:
    """Enable/disable transparent background."""

# Cache management
def enable_caching() -> None:
    """Enable animation caching for faster re-rendering."""

def disable_caching() -> None:
    """Disable animation caching for fresh renders."""

def flush_cache() -> None:
    """Clear all cached animation data."""

def get_cache_dir() -> str:
    """Get path to animation cache directory."""

# Performance monitoring
class PerformanceMonitor:
    """
    Performance monitoring and profiling for rendering optimization.
    
    Tracks rendering times, memory usage, and bottlenecks
    to help optimize scene performance.
    """
    
    def start_profiling(self) -> None:
        """Begin performance profiling."""
    
    def stop_profiling(self) -> dict:
        """
        End profiling and get results.
        
        Returns:
        - dict: Performance statistics
        """
    
    def get_render_stats(self) -> dict:
        """
        Get rendering performance statistics.
        
        Returns:
        - dict: Timing and resource usage data
        """

# Memory management  
def optimize_memory_usage() -> None:
    """Apply memory optimization settings."""

def get_memory_usage() -> dict:
    """
    Get current memory usage statistics.
    
    Returns:
    - dict: Memory usage information
    """

from manim import *

# Set quality and output preferences
config.quality = "high_quality"  # 1080p60
config.output_file = "my_animation.mp4"
config.preview = True

class MyScene(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        circle = Circle()
        self.play(Create(circle))

# Custom resolution and frame rate
config.pixel_width = 1600
config.pixel_height = 900
config.frame_rate = 24

# Background settings  
config.background_color = BLACK
config.background_opacity = 1.0

# Output format
config.save_as_gif = True
config.transparent = False

class MultiFormatExample(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        # Configure for multiple outputs
        config.write_to_movie = True    # Generate MP4
        config.save_last_frame = True   # Save final PNG
        config.save_as_gif = True       # Generate GIF
        config.save_pngs = True         # Save all frames
        
        text = Text("Multi-format output")
        self.play(Write(text))
        self.wait(2)

# Use Cairo for high-quality 2D
config.renderer = "cairo"
config.quality = "production_quality"

class HighQuality2D(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        equation = MathTex(r"\int_0^1 x^2 dx = \frac{1}{3}")
        self.play(Write(equation))

# Use OpenGL for 3D and real-time
config.renderer = "opengl"  
config.preview = True

class Interactive3D(ThreeDScene):
    def construct(self):
        cube = Cube()
        self.add(cube)
        self.interactive_embed()  # Interactive mode

# Optimize for faster rendering
config.low_quality = True        # Lower resolution
config.disable_caching = False   # Enable caching
config.skip_animations = False   # Don't skip animations

# Memory optimization
config.max_files_cached = 100    # Limit cache size
config.flush_cache = False       # Keep cache between runs

class OptimizedScene(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        # Use simpler objects for better performance
        dots = VGroup(*[Dot() for _ in range(100)])
        dots.arrange_in_grid(10, 10)
        
        # Batch animations for efficiency
        self.play(
            LaggedStart(
                *[FadeIn(dot) for dot in dots],
                lag_ratio=0.01
            )
        )

class AdvancedOutputExample(Scene):
    def setup(self):
        # Set up custom file writer
        config.output_dir = "custom_output"
        config.video_dir = "videos"
        config.images_dir = "frames"
        
        # Configure video encoding
        config.video_codec = "libx264"
        config.audio_codec = "aac"
        
    def construct(self):
        # Scene with custom output settings
        title = Title("Advanced Output")
        
        # Add background music (if available)
        # self.add_sound("background.wav")
        
        self.play(Write(title))
        
        # Save specific frames
        self.wait(1)
        # Custom frame saving would be done through file_writer
        
        self.play(FadeOut(title))

# Development settings for faster iteration
config.preview = True            # Auto-preview
config.low_quality = True       # Faster rendering  
config.save_last_frame = True   # Quick feedback
config.verbosity = "INFO"       # Detailed logging

# Debug rendering issues
config.disable_caching = True   # Fresh renders
config.write_all = False        # Single scene only
config.dry_run = True          # Check without rendering

class DebugScene(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        # Add debugging information
        config.show_in_file_browser = True
        
        text = Text("Debug Scene")
        self.add(text)
        
        # Performance monitoring
        import time
        start_time = time.time()
        
        self.play(Indicate(text))
        
        render_time = time.time() - start_time
        logger.info(f"Render time: {render_time:.2f}s")

# Configuration for batch processing
config.write_all = True          # Render all scenes
config.output_dir = "batch_output"

# Render multiple scenes with different settings
scenes_config = [
    {"scene": "Scene1", "quality": "low_quality"},
    {"scene": "Scene2", "quality": "high_quality"},
    {"scene": "Scene3", "quality": "production_quality"}
]

for scene_cfg in scenes_config:
    with tempconfig({"quality": scene_cfg["quality"]}):
        # Render scene with specific quality
        pass