Uses path_to_file_uri

Uses file_uri_to_path

Uses any_to_uri

Proper error handling

Uses safe_url_string

Proper error handling

Handles special characters

Supports IDNA

Handles encoding normalization

Uses url_query_cleaner

Blacklist implementation

Whitelist implementation

Duplicate removal

Fragment handling

Proper imports

Uses replace_entities

Uses keep parameter

Uses remove_illegal parameter

Uses has_entities

Handles text encoding

Uses basic_auth_header

Default encoding handling

UTF-8 encoding support

Header format structure

Credential passing

Uses get_meta_refresh

Handles baseurl parameter

Processes return value

Returns correct format

Import w3lib.url

Use add_or_replace_parameters

Pass dictionary parameter

Handle parameter addition

Handle parameter replacement

Handle empty query strings

Uses read_bom

Correct function integration

Proper return format

No custom BOM logic

Uses add_or_replace_parameter

Correct parameter updates

Preserves URL structure

Correct function signature

Uses canonicalize_url

Proper function import

Query parameter handling

Fragment handling

Encoding parameter usage