Directory Management

from xonsh.dirstack import cd, pushd_fn, popd_fn, dirs_fn, DIRSTACK

def cd(args: list[str], stdin=None) -> None:
    """Change current directory.
    
    Parameters
    ----------
    args : list[str]
        Directory arguments. First argument is target directory.
        Supports special directories:
        - '-': Previous directory
        - '~': Home directory  
        - No args: Home directory
    stdin : optional
        Standard input (unused)
        
    Examples
    --------
    cd(['/tmp'])        # Change to /tmp
    cd(['-'])           # Change to previous directory
    cd(['~'])           # Change to home directory
    cd([])              # Change to home directory
    """

def pushd_fn(args: list[str], stdin=None) -> None:
    """Push directory onto stack and change to it.
    
    Parameters
    ----------
    args : list[str]
        Directory arguments or stack operations:
        - Directory path: Push and change to directory
        - '+N': Rotate stack bringing Nth entry to top
        - '-N': Rotate stack bringing Nth entry from bottom to top
        - No args: Swap top two directories
    stdin : optional
        Standard input (unused)
        
    Examples
    --------
    pushd_fn(['/tmp'])     # Push /tmp and change to it
    pushd_fn(['+2'])       # Rotate stack, bring 2nd entry to top
    pushd_fn([])           # Swap top two directories
    """

def popd_fn(args: list[str], stdin=None) -> None:
    """Pop directory from stack and change to it.
    
    Parameters
    ----------
    args : list[str]
        Stack operation arguments:
        - '+N': Remove Nth entry from stack
        - '-N': Remove Nth entry from bottom
        - No args: Pop top directory and change to it
    stdin : optional
        Standard input (unused)
        
    Examples
    --------
    popd_fn([])          # Pop top directory
    popd_fn(['+1'])      # Remove 1st entry from stack
    popd_fn(['-0'])      # Remove bottom entry from stack
    """

def dirs_fn(args: list[str], stdin=None) -> None:
    """Display directory stack.
    
    Parameters
    ----------
    args : list[str]
        Display options:
        - '-c': Clear directory stack
        - '-p': Print one directory per line
        - '-v': Print with line numbers
        - '-l': Use full pathnames
        - '+N': Display Nth entry
        - '-N': Display Nth entry from bottom
    stdin : optional
        Standard input (unused)
        
    Examples
    --------
    dirs_fn([])          # Show directory stack
    dirs_fn(['-p'])      # Show one per line
    dirs_fn(['-v'])      # Show with line numbers
    dirs_fn(['-c'])      # Clear directory stack
    """

# Global directory stack
DIRSTACK: list[str]  # Current directory stack

from xonsh.dirstack import with_pushd

def with_pushd(dirname: str):
    """Context manager for temporary directory changes.
    
    Parameters
    ----------
    dirname : str
        Directory to change to temporarily
        
    Returns
    -------
    context manager
        Context manager that changes to dirname and restores on exit
        
    Examples
    --------
    with with_pushd('/tmp'):
        # Working in /tmp
        print(os.getcwd())  # /tmp
    # Back to original directory
    """

# Alias available in API module
from xonsh.api.os import indir
# indir is an alias to with_pushd

from xonsh.dirstack import DIRSTACK

# Direct stack access
current_stack = DIRSTACK.copy()       # Get current stack
stack_size = len(DIRSTACK)            # Stack depth
top_dir = DIRSTACK[0] if DIRSTACK else None  # Top directory

# Stack operations through built-in functions
from xonsh.built_ins import XSH

# Access through shell session
if XSH.shell:
    # Execute directory commands
    XSH.execer.eval("cd /tmp")
    XSH.execer.eval("pushd /var")
    XSH.execer.eval("popd")
    XSH.execer.eval("dirs")

from xonsh.tools import expand_path, ON_WINDOWS

def expand_path(path: str) -> str:
    """Expand user home directory and environment variables in path.
    
    Parameters
    ----------
    path : str
        Path with potential ~ or $VAR expansions
        
    Returns
    -------
    str
        Fully expanded absolute path
        
    Examples
    --------
    expand_path('~/Documents')     # /home/user/Documents
    expand_path('$HOME/file.txt')  # /home/user/file.txt
    """

# Platform-specific directory handling
if ON_WINDOWS:
    # Windows-specific path handling
    pass
else:
    # Unix-like path handling
    pass

from xonsh.events import events

@events.on_chdir
def directory_changed(olddir: str, newdir: str) -> None:
    """Called when directory changes.
    
    Parameters
    ----------
    olddir : str
        Previous directory
    newdir : str
        New current directory
    """
    print(f"Changed from {olddir} to {newdir}")

# Directory change detection
import os

def monitor_directory_changes():
    """Monitor and respond to directory changes."""
    current_dir = os.getcwd()
    
    # Register directory change handler
    @events.on_chdir
    def log_dir_change(old, new):
        with open('/tmp/dir_changes.log', 'a') as f:
            f.write(f"Directory changed: {old} -> {new}\n")

# Interactive directory navigation
"""
In xonsh shell:
>>> cd /tmp
>>> pushd /var/log  
>>> pushd /etc
>>> dirs -v         # Show numbered stack
>>> popd            # Back to /var/log
>>> popd            # Back to /tmp
>>> cd -            # Back to original directory
"""

# Programmatic directory operations
from xonsh.built_ins import XSH

def navigate_project_dirs():
    """Navigate through common project directories."""
    dirs = ['/src', '/tests', '/docs', '/config']
    
    for directory in dirs:
        XSH.execer.eval(f"pushd {directory}")
        # Do work in directory
        XSH.execer.eval("popd")

import os
from xonsh.api.os import indir

def process_directories(dir_list: list[str]):
    """Process files in multiple directories."""
    results = []
    
    for directory in dir_list:
        with indir(directory):
            # Work in specific directory
            files = os.listdir('.')
            results.append((directory, len(files)))
            
    return results

# Temporary directory operations
def backup_and_modify(target_dir: str):
    """Backup directory and make modifications."""
    backup_dir = f"{target_dir}.backup"
    
    # Create backup
    with indir(os.path.dirname(target_dir)):
        os.system(f"cp -r {os.path.basename(target_dir)} {backup_dir}")
    
    # Make modifications in original
    with indir(target_dir):
        # Modify files in target directory
        pass

from xonsh.built_ins import XSH

# Configure directory stack behavior
env = XSH.env
env['CDPATH'] = '/home/user:/opt:/usr/local'  # Search path for cd
env['AUTO_CD'] = True                         # Auto-cd to directory names
env['AUTO_PUSHD'] = True                      # Auto-pushd on cd
env['PUSHD_SILENT'] = False                   # Show directory after pushd
env['PUSHD_MINUS'] = False                    # Use +N instead of -N for pushd