App Intents Advanced Reference

@Parameter(title: "Name")
var name: String

@Parameter(title: "Name", description: "The user's full name")
var name: String

@Parameter(title: "Enabled", default: true)
var enabled: Bool

@Parameter(title: "Website")
var url: URL?

@Parameter(title: "Volume", controlStyle: .slider, inclusiveRange: (0, 100))
var volume: Int

@Parameter(title: "Rating", controlStyle: .stepper, inclusiveRange: (1, 5))
var rating: Int

@Parameter(title: "Temperature", default: 72.0, inclusiveRange: (60.0, 90.0))
var temperature: Double

struct CategoryOptionsProvider: DynamicOptionsProvider {
    func results() async throws -> [String] {
        await CategoryStore.shared.allNames()
    }
}

@Parameter(title: "Category", optionsProvider: CategoryOptionsProvider())
var category: String

@Parameter(
    title: "Size",
    requestValueDialog: "What size would you like?",
    requestDisambiguationDialog: "Which size did you mean?"
)
var size: CupSize

@Parameter(title: "Contact", resolvers: [ContactResolver()])
var contact: ContactEntity

@Parameter(title: "Trail", query: [TrailStringQuery(), TrailPropertyQuery()])
var trail: TrailEntity

// Fixed size
@Parameter(title: "Items", size: 3)
var items: [ItemEntity]

// Per-widget-family size
@Parameter(
    title: "Items",
    size: [.systemSmall: 1, .systemMedium: 3, .systemLarge: 6]
)
var items: [ItemEntity]

@Parameter(title: "Document", supportedContentTypes: [.pdf, .plainText])
var document: IntentFile

@Parameter(title: "Image", supportedContentTypes: [.png, .jpeg])
var image: IntentFile?

@Parameter(
    title: "Distance",
    defaultUnit: .miles,
    defaultUnitAdjustForLocale: true,
    supportsNegativeNumbers: false
)
var distance: Measurement<UnitLength>

@Parameter(title: "Weight", defaultUnit: .kilograms)
var weight: Measurement<UnitMass>

@Parameter(title: "Temperature", defaultUnit: .fahrenheit)
var temp: Measurement<UnitTemperature>

@Parameter(title: "Text", inputConnectionBehavior: .connectToPreviousIntentResult)
var text: String

@Parameter(title: "File", inputConnectionBehavior: .optionalIfProvided)
var file: IntentFile?

func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
    // Request a missing value
    if quantity == nil {
        throw $quantity.needsValueError("How many would you like?")
    }

    // Disambiguate among options
    let resolved = try await $size.requestDisambiguation(
        among: [.small, .medium, .large],
        dialog: "Which size?"
    )

    // Confirm a value
    try await $amount.requestConfirmation(for: amount, dialog: "Charge \(amount)?")

    return .result()
}

struct TrailPropertyQuery: EntityPropertyQuery {
    static var properties = QueryProperties {
        Property(\TrailEntity.$name) {
            ContainsComparator()
            EqualToComparator()
        }
        Property(\TrailEntity.$trailLength) {
            GreaterThanComparator()
            LessThanComparator()
            EqualToComparator()
        }
    }

    static var sortingOptions = SortingOptions {
        SortableBy(\TrailEntity.$name)
        SortableBy(\TrailEntity.$trailLength)
    }

    func entities(
        matching comparators: [EntityQueryComparator],
        mode: ComparatorMode,
        sortedBy: [EntityQuerySort<TrailEntity>],
        limit: Int?
    ) async throws -> [TrailEntity] {
        var results = TrailStore.shared.allTrails.map { TrailEntity(from: $0) }

        for comparator in comparators {
            switch comparator {
            case let comparator as ContainsComparator<String>:
                results = results.filter { $0.name.localizedCaseInsensitiveContains(comparator.value) }
            case let comparator as GreaterThanComparator<Measurement<UnitLength>>:
                results = results.filter { $0.trailLength > comparator.value }
            default:
                break
            }
        }

        if let limit {
            results = Array(results.prefix(limit))
        }

        return results
    }

    func entities(for identifiers: [Trail.ID]) async throws -> [TrailEntity] {
        TrailStore.shared.allTrails
            .filter { identifiers.contains($0.id) }
            .map { TrailEntity(from: $0) }
    }

    func suggestedEntities() async throws -> [TrailEntity] {
        TrailStore.shared.featured.map { TrailEntity(from: $0) }
    }
}

// PREFERRED: Newer macro (iOS 18+)
@AppIntent(schema: .photos.openAsset)
struct OpenPhotoIntent: AppIntent { ... }

// ALSO VALID: @AssistantIntent(schema:) still works but @AppIntent(schema:) is preferred
@AssistantIntent(schema: .photos.openAsset)
struct OpenPhotoIntent: AppIntent { ... }

// CORRECT: Using preferred macro
@AppIntent(schema: .photos.openAsset)
struct OpenPhotoIntent: AppIntent {
    static var title: LocalizedStringResource = "Open Photo"

    @Parameter(title: "Asset")
    var target: PhotoEntity

    func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
        PhotoViewer.shared.open(target.id)
        return .result()
    }
}

@AppEntity(schema: .photos.asset)
struct PhotoEntity: AppEntity {
    var id: String
    static let defaultQuery = PhotoQuery()
    static var typeDisplayRepresentation: TypeDisplayRepresentation = "Photo"
    var displayRepresentation: DisplayRepresentation {
        DisplayRepresentation(title: "\(name)")
    }
    var name: String
}

@AppEnum(schema: .photos.assetType)
enum PhotoType: String, AppEnum {
    case photo, video, livePhoto
    static var typeDisplayRepresentation: TypeDisplayRepresentation = "Photo Type"
    static var caseDisplayRepresentations: [PhotoType: DisplayRepresentation] = [
        .photo: "Photo",
        .video: "Video",
        .livePhoto: "Live Photo"
    ]
}

@AppIntent(schema: .photos.openAsset)
struct OpenPhotoIntent: AppIntent {
    static var isAssistantOnly: Bool { false }  // Also available in Shortcuts
    // ...
}

struct WorkFocusFilter: SetFocusFilterIntent {
    static var title: LocalizedStringResource = "Work Focus"
    static var description = IntentDescription("Configure app for work mode.")

    @Parameter(title: "Show Only Work Projects", default: true)
    var workOnly: Bool

    @Parameter(title: "Mute Notifications", default: false)
    var muteNotifications: Bool

    var displayRepresentation: DisplayRepresentation {
        "Work Mode"
    }

    func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
        AppSettings.shared.workModeEnabled = workOnly
        AppSettings.shared.notificationsMuted = muteNotifications
        return .result()
    }
}

let currentFilter = try? SetFocusFilterIntent.current
if let workFilter = currentFilter as? WorkFocusFilter {
    // Apply work-mode behavior
}

extension WorkFocusFilter {
    static func suggestedFocusFilters(
        for context: FocusFilterSuggestionContext
    ) async -> [WorkFocusFilter] {
        [WorkFocusFilter(workOnly: true, muteNotifications: true)]
    }
}

struct OrderSoupIntent: CustomIntentMigratedAppIntent {
    // Map to the old SiriKit intent class name -- must match exactly
    static var intentClassName: String = "OrderSoupIntent"

    static var title: LocalizedStringResource = "Order Soup"

    @Parameter(title: "Soup")
    var soup: SoupEntity

    @Parameter(title: "Quantity", default: 1)
    var quantity: Int

    func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
        let order = try await OrderService.shared.place(
            soup: soup.id,
            quantity: quantity
        )
        return .result(dialog: "Ordered \(quantity) bowls.")
    }
}

struct OldSearchIntent: DeprecatedAppIntent {
    typealias ReplacementIntent = NewSearchIntent
    static var deprecation: IntentDeprecation {
        .init(message: "Use the new search intent.")
    }
    static var title: LocalizedStringResource = "Search (Deprecated)"
    func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult { .result() }
}

func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
    guard await PermissionManager.hasPhotoAccess else {
        throw PermissionRequired(
            "Photo library access is required.",
            recoverySuggestion: "Grant access in Settings > Privacy."
        )
    }

    guard let item = try await fetchItem() else {
        throw Unrecoverable("The item no longer exists.")
    }

    guard !requiresManualSetup else {
        throw UserActionRequired("Open the app to complete setup.")
    }

    return .result()
}

// Re-prompt for a value
throw $quantity.needsValueError("How many items?")

// Force disambiguation
throw $size.needsDisambiguation(among: [.small, .medium, .large])

func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
    if needsUserInteraction {
        try await continueInForeground("Open the app to finish.")
    }
    // ...
    return .result()
}

func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult & ProvidesDialog {
    return .result(dialog: "Your soup order has been placed.")
}

func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult & ProvidesDialog & ReturnsValue<OrderEntity> {
    let order = try await placeOrder()
    return .result(
        value: OrderEntity(from: order),
        dialog: "Order #\(order.number) is confirmed."
    )
}

func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
    try await requestConfirmation(
        actionName: .send,
        dialog: "Send \(quantity) messages?"
    )
    // User confirmed -- proceed
    return .result()
}

func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
    try await requestConfirmation(
        conditions: .always,
        actionName: .order,
        dialog: "Place order for \(quantity) \(soup.name)?"
    )
    return .result()
}

func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
    try await requestConfirmation(
        actionName: .buy,
        dialog: "Purchase \(item.name) for \(item.price)?",
        view: OrderPreviewView(item: item)
    )
    return .result()
}

func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
    let chosen = try await requestChoice(
        between: availableOptions,
        dialog: "Which option would you like?"
    )
    // Use chosen value
    return .result()
}

.custom(
    acceptLabel: "Confirm Purchase",
    acceptAlternatives: ["Yes", "Buy it"],
    denyLabel: "Cancel",
    denyAlternatives: ["No", "Never mind"],
    destructive: false
)

struct TransferMoneyIntent: AppIntent {
    static var authenticationPolicy: IntentAuthenticationPolicy = .requiresAuthentication
    static var title: LocalizedStringResource = "Transfer Money"

    func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
        // Device must be unlocked before this runs
        return .result()
    }
}

// WRONG: Sensitive action without authentication
struct DeleteAccountIntent: AppIntent {
    // Missing authenticationPolicy -- runs on locked device
    func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult { ... }
}

// CORRECT: Require authentication for sensitive actions
struct DeleteAccountIntent: AppIntent {
    static var authenticationPolicy: IntentAuthenticationPolicy = .requiresLocalDeviceAuthentication
    static var title: LocalizedStringResource = "Delete Account"
    func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult { ... }
}

struct OpenRecipeIntent: URLRepresentableIntent {
    static var title: LocalizedStringResource = "Open Recipe"

    @Parameter(title: "Recipe")
    var target: RecipeEntity

    static var parameterSummary: some ParameterSummary {
        Summary("Open \(\.$target)")
    }

    func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult & OpensIntent {
        return .result()
    }
}

extension OpenRecipeIntent {
    static var urlRepresentation: some URLRepresentation {
        URLRepresentation {
            "https://myapp.com/recipes/\(\.$target)"
        }
    }
}

struct RecipeEntity: URLRepresentableEntity {
    // ... standard AppEntity members ...

    static var urlRepresentation: some URLRepresentation {
        URLRepresentation {
            "https://myapp.com/recipes/\(\.id)"
        }
    }
}

enum RecipeCategory: String, URLRepresentableEnum {
    case breakfast, lunch, dinner

    static var urlRepresentation: some URLRepresentation {
        URLRepresentation {
            "https://myapp.com/category/\(\.self)"
        }
    }

    // ... standard AppEnum members ...
}

struct ArticleEntity: IndexedEntity {
    static let defaultQuery = ArticleQuery()
    static var typeDisplayRepresentation: TypeDisplayRepresentation = "Article"

    var id: String

    @Property(title: "Title")
    var title: String

    @Property(title: "Author")
    var author: String

    var displayRepresentation: DisplayRepresentation {
        DisplayRepresentation(title: "\(title)", subtitle: "\(author)")
    }

    // Custom attribute set for improved search accuracy
    var attributeSet: CSSearchableItemAttributeSet? {
        let attrs = CSSearchableItemAttributeSet(contentType: .text)
        attrs.title = title
        attrs.authorNames = [author]
        return attrs
    }
}

extension ArticleEntity {
    var hideInSpotlight: Bool {
        isDraft  // Draft articles should not appear in search
    }
}

struct RecipeEntity: IndexedEntity {
    static let defaultQuery = RecipeQuery()
    static var typeDisplayRepresentation: TypeDisplayRepresentation = "Recipe"

    var id: String

    @Property(title: "Name", indexingKey: .title)
    var name: String

    @Property(title: "Cuisine")
    var cuisine: String

    @ComputedProperty(indexingKey: .description)
    var summary: String {
        "\(name) -- \(cuisine) cuisine"
    }

    @ComputedProperty(indexingKey: .thumbnailURL)
    var imageURL: URL? {
        URL(string: "https://myapp.com/images/\(id).jpg")
    }

    var displayRepresentation: DisplayRepresentation {
        DisplayRepresentation(title: "\(name)", subtitle: "\(cuisine)")
    }
}

// WRONG: Manual attributeSet when indexing keys are available (iOS 26+)
struct RecipeEntity: IndexedEntity {
    @Property(title: "Name")
    var name: String

    var attributeSet: CSSearchableItemAttributeSet? {
        let attrs = CSSearchableItemAttributeSet(contentType: .text)
        attrs.title = name  // Redundant on iOS 26
        return attrs
    }
}

// CORRECT: Use indexingKey for structured metadata (iOS 26+)
struct RecipeEntity: IndexedEntity {
    @Property(title: "Name", indexingKey: .title)
    var name: String
}

struct ArticleEntity: AppEntity, Transferable {
    // Standard AppEntity conformance...

    static var transferRepresentation: some TransferRepresentation {
        CodableRepresentation(contentType: .article)
    }
}

// In your view controller or SwiftUI view:
let activity = NSUserActivity(activityType: "com.myapp.article")
activity.appEntityIdentifier = AppEntityIdentifier(article)
// Set as current activity

struct ConfigureWidgetIntent: WidgetConfigurationIntent {
    static var title: LocalizedStringResource = "Configure Widget"

    @Parameter(title: "Style")
    var style: WidgetStyle

    @Parameter(title: "Show Details", default: false)
    var showDetails: Bool

    @Parameter(title: "Refresh Interval", default: .hourly)
    var interval: RefreshInterval

    static var parameterSummary: some ParameterSummary {
        When(\.$showDetails, .equalTo, true) {
            Summary("Show \(\.$style) widget") {
                \.$showDetails
                \.$interval
            }
        } otherwise: {
            Summary("Show \(\.$style) widget") {
                \.$showDetails
            }
        }
    }
}

static var parameterSummary: some ParameterSummary {
    Switch(\.$style) {
        Case(.compact) {
            Summary("Compact widget")
        }
        Case(.detailed) {
            Summary("Detailed widget") {
                \.$interval
            }
        }
        DefaultCase {
            Summary("Widget") {
                \.$style
            }
        }
    }
}

import CoreSpotlight
import UniformTypeIdentifiers

func makeSearchableItem(
    id: String,
    title: String,
    description: String,
    thumbnailData: Data? = nil
) -> CSSearchableItem {
    let attributes = CSSearchableItemAttributeSet(contentType: .text)
    attributes.title = title
    attributes.contentDescription = description
    attributes.thumbnailData = thumbnailData

    // Optional: improve search ranking and categorization
    attributes.keywords = ["recipe", "cooking"]
    attributes.displayName = title
    attributes.contentURL = URL(string: "myapp://recipes/\(id)")

    let item = CSSearchableItem(
        uniqueIdentifier: id,
        domainIdentifier: "com.myapp.recipes",
        attributeSet: attributes
    )
    // Items expire after 30 days by default; customize if needed
    item.expirationDate = Date.now.addingTimeInterval(60 * 60 * 24 * 90)
    return item
}

import CoreSpotlight

// Index a single item (add or update)
func indexItem(_ item: CSSearchableItem) async throws {
    try await CSSearchableIndex.default().indexSearchableItems([item])
}

// Delete specific items by identifier
func deleteItems(identifiers: [String]) async throws {
    try await CSSearchableIndex.default().deleteSearchableItems(
        withIdentifiers: identifiers
    )
}

// Delete all items in a domain (e.g., after user deletes a category)
func deleteItemsInDomain(_ domain: String) async throws {
    try await CSSearchableIndex.default().deleteSearchableItems(
        withDomainIdentifiers: [domain]
    )
}

// Delete everything (e.g., on logout)
func deleteAllItems() async throws {
    try await CSSearchableIndex.default().deleteAllSearchableItems()
}

import CoreSpotlight

func batchIndexRecipes(_ recipes: [Recipe]) async throws {
    let index = CSSearchableIndex(name: "recipes")

    // Simple batched approach -- chunk into groups
    let batchSize = 100
    for batch in stride(from: 0, to: recipes.count, by: batchSize) {
        let end = min(batch + batchSize, recipes.count)
        let items = recipes[batch..<end].map { recipe in
            makeSearchableItem(
                id: recipe.id,
                title: recipe.name,
                description: recipe.summary,
                thumbnailData: recipe.thumbnailData
            )
        }
        try await index.indexSearchableItems(items)
    }
}

// Client-state-based batching for crash recovery
func batchIndexWithState(_ recipes: [Recipe]) async throws {
    let index = CSSearchableIndex(name: "recipes")

    // Check where we left off
    let lastState = try await index.fetchLastClientState()
    let startOffset = lastState.flatMap { Int(String(data: $0, encoding: .utf8) ?? "") } ?? 0

    let batchSize = 100
    for batch in stride(from: startOffset, to: recipes.count, by: batchSize) {
        let end = min(batch + batchSize, recipes.count)
        let items = recipes[batch..<end].map { recipe in
            makeSearchableItem(
                id: recipe.id,
                title: recipe.name,
                description: recipe.summary
            )
        }

        index.beginBatch()
        try await index.indexSearchableItems(items)

        let stateData = "\(end)".data(using: .utf8)!
        try await index.endBatch(withClientState: stateData)
    }
}

let protectedIndex = CSSearchableIndex(
    name: "secure-notes",
    protectionClass: .complete  // Only accessible when device is unlocked
)

try await protectedIndex.indexSearchableItems(sensitiveItems)

import CoreSpotlight
import UIKit

// UIKit: In AppDelegate or SceneDelegate
func application(
    _ application: UIApplication,
    continue userActivity: NSUserActivity,
    restorationHandler: @escaping ([UIUserActivityRestoring]?) -> Void
) -> Bool {
    if userActivity.activityType == CSSearchableItemActionType,
       let identifier = userActivity.userInfo?[CSSearchableItemActivityIdentifier] as? String {
        navigateToItem(withIdentifier: identifier)
        return true
    }
    return false
}

// SwiftUI: Use onContinueUserActivity
struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {
        NavigationStack {
            RecipeListView()
        }
        .onContinueUserActivity(CSSearchableItemActionType) { activity in
            if let id = activity.userInfo?[CSSearchableItemActivityIdentifier] as? String {
                navigateToRecipe(id: id)
            }
        }
    }
}

// activityType == CSQueryContinuationActionType
.onContinueUserActivity(CSQueryContinuationActionType) { activity in
    if let query = activity.userInfo?[CSSearchQueryString] as? String {
        searchViewModel.searchText = query
    }
}