better-auth-security-best-practices

Better Auth security hardening: rate limits, secrets, CSRF, trusted origins, cookies, sessions, OAuth tokens, and audit logging. Use when reviewing auth security, brute-force protection, token handling, or deployment safety.

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Reference Repositories

Better Auth — TypeScript authentication framework with plugins

Upstream Grounding

When Better Auth rate limiting, CSRF and origin checks, cookie settings, secret handling, token encryption, audit behavior, or deployment security defaults affect correctness, ask DeepWiki a narrow question against better-auth/better-auth before relying on memory. Use it to orient, then verify decisive details against local installed types, source, or official docs before changing code.

Skip DeepWiki for stable security basics already documented below.

Secret Management

Configuring the Secret

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  secret: process.env.BETTER_AUTH_SECRET, // or via `BETTER_AUTH_SECRET` env
});

Better Auth looks for secrets in this order:

options.secret in your config
BETTER_AUTH_SECRET environment variable
AUTH_SECRET environment variable

Secret Requirements

Rejects default/placeholder secrets in production
Warns if shorter than 32 characters or entropy below 120 bits
Generate: openssl rand -base64 32
Never commit secrets to version control

Rate Limiting

Enabled in production by default. Applies to all endpoints. Plugins can override per-endpoint.

Default Configuration

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  rateLimit: {
    enabled: true, // Default: true in production
    window: 10, // Time window in seconds (default: 10)
    max: 100, // Max requests per window (default: 100)
  },
});

Storage Options

Options: "memory" (resets on restart, avoid on serverless), "database" (persistent), "secondary-storage" (Redis, default when available).

rateLimit: {
  storage: "database",
}

Custom Storage

Implement your own rate limit storage:

rateLimit: {
  customStorage: {
    get: async (key) => {
      // Return { count: number, expiresAt: number } or null
    },
    set: async (key, data) => {
      // Store the rate limit data
    },
  },
}

Per-Endpoint Rules

Sensitive endpoints default to 3 requests per 10 seconds (/sign-in, /sign-up, /change-password, /change-email). Override:

rateLimit: {
  customRules: {
    "/api/auth/sign-in/email": {
      window: 60, // 1 minute window
      max: 5, // 5 attempts
    },
    "/api/auth/some-safe-endpoint": false, // Disable rate limiting
  },
}

CSRF Protection

Multi-layer protection: origin header validation, Fetch Metadata checks, and first-login protection.

Configuration

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  advanced: {
    disableCSRFCheck: false, // Default: false (keep enabled)
  },
});

Only disable for testing or with an alternative CSRF mechanism.

Trusted Origins

Configuring Trusted Origins

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  baseURL: "https://api.example.com",
  trustedOrigins: [
    "https://app.example.com",
    "https://admin.example.com",
  ],
});

The baseURL origin is automatically trusted. Also configurable via env: BETTER_AUTH_TRUSTED_ORIGINS=https://app.example.com,https://admin.example.com

Wildcard Patterns

trustedOrigins: [
  "*.example.com", // Matches any subdomain
  "https://*.example.com", // Protocol-specific wildcard
  "exp://192.168.*.*:*/*", // Custom schemes (e.g., Expo)
]

Dynamic Trusted Origins

Compute trusted origins based on the request:

trustedOrigins: async (request) => {
  // Validate against database, header, etc.
  const tenant = getTenantFromRequest(request);
  return [`https://${tenant}.myapp.com`];
}

Validates callbackURL, redirectTo, errorCallbackURL, newUserCallbackURL, and origin against trusted origins. Invalid URLs receive 403.

Do not trust localhost in production

trustedOrigins gates redirect/callback URLs, not only cookie CSRF, so a permanent localhost entry in a production list widens the open-redirect surface (and Better Auth's docs warn against it). Derive the dev-vs-prod fork from the deployment's own origin (its baked baseURL / resolved env origin), never from the request, and reuse the same fork as the cookie config:

// localhost dev origins are trusted ONLY on a local deployment.
function buildTrustedOrigins(baseURL: string): string[] {
  const prod = [...productionOrigins];
  return isLocalDeployment(baseURL) ? [...prod, ...devOrigins] : prod;
}

Session Security

Session Expiration

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  session: {
    expiresIn: 60 * 60 * 24 * 7, // 7 days (default)
    updateAge: 60 * 60 * 24, // Refresh session every 24 hours (default)
  },
});

Session Caching Strategies

Cache session data in cookies to reduce database queries:

session: {
  cookieCache: {
    enabled: true,
    maxAge: 60 * 5, // 5 minutes
    strategy: "compact", // Options: "compact", "jwt", "jwe"
  },
}

Strategies: "compact" (Base64url + HMAC, smallest), "jwt" (HS256, standard), "jwe" (encrypted, use when session has sensitive data).

Cookie Security

Defaults: secure: true (HTTPS/production), sameSite: "lax", httpOnly: true, path: "/", prefix __Secure-.

Custom Cookie Configuration

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  advanced: {
    useSecureCookies: true, // Force secure cookies
    cookiePrefix: "myapp", // Custom prefix (default: "better-auth")
    defaultCookieAttributes: {
      sameSite: "strict", // Stricter CSRF protection
      path: "/auth", // Limit cookie scope
    },
  },
});

Cross-Subdomain Cookies

advanced: {
  crossSubDomainCookies: {
    enabled: true,
    domain: ".example.com", // Note the leading dot
    additionalCookies: ["session_token", "session_data"],
  },
}

Only enable if you need authentication sharing and trust all subdomains.

Account Linking and Provider Trust

Implicit account linking is an account-takeover surface. When a social sign-in matches an existing user by email, the link gate is (better-auth 1.5.6 oauth2/link-account):

block linking if: (!isTrustedProvider && !userInfo.emailVerified)
                  || accountLinking.enabled === false
                  || accountLinking.disableImplicitLinking === true

A provider in account.accountLinking.trustedProviders bypasses the incoming emailVerified check. So the rule is:

trustedProviders may contain ONLY identity providers that always assert a verified email. Google does. GitHub does NOT (it can return an unverified primary email), so never add github to trustedProviders; an untrusted GitHub identity still links when GitHub reports the email verified, which is the safe behavior.
Never list email-password in trustedProviders, and do not enable emailAndPassword without emailVerification.sendVerificationEmail + requireEmailVerification. On better-auth versions before the unconditional requireLocalEmailVerified gate (e.g. 1.5.6 has no such option), an attacker can pre-register an unverified local account at a victim's email and have the victim's later trusted-provider sign-in link into it.
If you have no email sender, prefer social-IdP-only sign-in over local credentials. That is what closes the takeover at the root.

OAuth / Social Provider Security

PKCE is automatic for all OAuth flows. State tokens are 32-char random strings expiring after 10 minutes.

State Parameter Storage

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  account: {
    storeStateStrategy: "cookie", // Options: "cookie" (default), "database"
  },
});

Encrypting OAuth Tokens

account: {
  encryptOAuthTokens: true, // Uses AES-256-GCM
}

Enable if storing OAuth tokens for API access on behalf of users. Use skipStateCookieCheck: true only for mobile apps that cannot maintain cookies.

IP-Based Security

IP Address Configuration

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  advanced: {
    ipAddress: {
      ipAddressHeaders: ["x-forwarded-for", "x-real-ip"], // Headers to check
      disableIpTracking: false, // Keep enabled for rate limiting
    },
  },
});

Set ipv6Subnet (128, 64, 48, 32; default 64) to group IPv6 addresses. Enable trustedProxyHeaders: true only if behind a trusted reverse proxy.

Database Hooks for Security Auditing

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  databaseHooks: {
    session: {
      create: {
        after: async ({ data, ctx }) => {
          await auditLog("session.created", {
            userId: data.userId,
            ip: ctx?.request?.headers.get("x-forwarded-for"),
            userAgent: ctx?.request?.headers.get("user-agent"),
          });
        },
      },
      delete: {
        before: async ({ data }) => {
          await auditLog("session.revoked", { sessionId: data.id });
        },
      },
    },
    user: {
      update: {
        after: async ({ data, oldData }) => {
          if (oldData?.email !== data.email) {
            await auditLog("user.email_changed", {
              userId: data.id,
              oldEmail: oldData?.email,
              newEmail: data.email,
            });
          }
        },
      },
    },
    account: {
      create: {
        after: async ({ data }) => {
          await auditLog("account.linked", {
            userId: data.userId,
            provider: data.providerId,
          });
        },
      },
    },
  },
});

Return false from a before hook to prevent an operation.

Background Tasks

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  advanced: {
    backgroundTasks: {
      handler: (promise) => {
        // Platform-specific handler
        // Vercel: waitUntil(promise)
        // Cloudflare: ctx.waitUntil(promise)
        waitUntil(promise);
      },
    },
  },
});

Ensures operations like sending emails don't affect response timing.

Account Enumeration Prevention

Built-in: consistent response messages, dummy operations on invalid requests, background email sending. Return generic error messages ("Invalid credentials") rather than specific ones ("User not found").

Complete Security Configuration Example

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  secret: process.env.BETTER_AUTH_SECRET,
  baseURL: "https://api.example.com",
  trustedOrigins: [
    "https://app.example.com",
    "https://*.preview.example.com",
  ],
  
  // Rate limiting
  rateLimit: {
    enabled: true,
    storage: "secondary-storage",
    customRules: {
      "/api/auth/sign-in/email": { window: 60, max: 5 },
      "/api/auth/sign-up/email": { window: 60, max: 3 },
    },
  },
  
  // Session security
  session: {
    expiresIn: 60 * 60 * 24 * 7, // 7 days
    updateAge: 60 * 60 * 24, // 24 hours
    freshAge: 60 * 60, // 1 hour for sensitive actions
    cookieCache: {
      enabled: true,
      maxAge: 300,
      strategy: "jwe", // Encrypted session data
    },
  },
  
  // OAuth security
  account: {
    encryptOAuthTokens: true,
    storeStateStrategy: "cookie",
  },
  
  
  // Advanced settings
  advanced: {
    useSecureCookies: true,
    cookiePrefix: "myapp",
    defaultCookieAttributes: {
      sameSite: "lax",
    },
    ipAddress: {
      ipAddressHeaders: ["x-forwarded-for"],
      ipv6Subnet: 64,
    },
    backgroundTasks: {
      handler: (promise) => waitUntil(promise),
    },
  },
  
  // Security auditing
  databaseHooks: {
    session: {
      create: {
        after: async ({ data, ctx }) => {
          console.log(`New session for user ${data.userId}`);
        },
      },
    },
    user: {
      update: {
        after: async ({ data, oldData }) => {
          if (oldData?.email !== data.email) {
            console.log(`Email changed for user ${data.id}`);
          }
        },
      },
    },
  },
});

Security Checklist

Before deploying to production:

Repository: EpicenterHQ/epicenter
Path: .agents/skills/better-auth-security-best-practices/SKILL.md
Commit: cb12bcc

Last updated: 3 days ago
First committed: 2 months ago

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