Spring Boot 服务的身份验证/授权、校验、CSRF、机密管理、响应头、速率限制及依赖安全的 Spring Security 最佳实践。
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tessl review fix ./skills/springboot-security/SKILL.md在添加身份验证(Auth)、处理输入、创建端点或处理机密信息时使用。
@PreAuthorize、基于角色的访问控制)httpOnly、Secure、SameSite=Strict 属性的 CookieOncePerRequestFilter 或资源服务器校验令牌@Component
public class JwtAuthFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private final JwtService jwtService;
public JwtAuthFilter(JwtService jwtService) {
this.jwtService = jwtService;
}
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
String header = request.getHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION);
if (header != null && header.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
String token = header.substring(7);
Authentication auth = jwtService.authenticate(token);
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(auth);
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}@EnableMethodSecurity@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')") 或 @PreAuthorize("@authz.canEdit(#id)")@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/admin")
public class AdminController {
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
@GetMapping("/users")
public List<UserDto> listUsers() {
return userService.findAll();
}
@PreAuthorize("@authz.isOwner(#id, authentication)")
@DeleteMapping("/users/{id}")
public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
userService.delete(id);
return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();
}
}@Valid 使用 Bean Validation@NotBlank、@Email、@Size、自定义校验器// 差(BAD):没有校验
@PostMapping("/users")
public User createUser(@RequestBody UserDto dto) {
return userService.create(dto);
}
// 好(GOOD):校验过的 DTO
public record CreateUserDto(
@NotBlank @Size(max = 100) String name,
@NotBlank @Email String email,
@NotNull @Min(0) @Max(150) Integer age
) {}
@PostMapping("/users")
public ResponseEntity<UserDto> createUser(@Valid @RequestBody CreateUserDto dto) {
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED)
.body(userService.create(dto));
}:param 绑定;切勿拼接字符串// 差(BAD):在原生查询中直接拼接字符串
@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '" + name + "'", nativeQuery = true)
// 好(GOOD):参数化原生查询
@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = :name", nativeQuery = true)
List<User> findByName(@Param("name") String name);
// 好(GOOD):Spring Data 衍生查询(自动参数化)
List<User> findByEmailAndActiveTrue(String email);PasswordEncoder Bean,而不是手动执行哈希@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(12); // 成本因子(cost factor)为 12
}
// 在 Service 中
public User register(CreateUserDto dto) {
String hashedPassword = passwordEncoder.encode(dto.password());
return userRepository.save(new User(dto.email(), hashedPassword));
}http
.csrf(csrf -> csrf.disable())
.sessionManagement(sm -> sm.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS));application.yml 不含凭据信息;使用占位符# 差(BAD):在 application.yml 中硬编码
spring:
datasource:
password: mySecretPassword123
# 好(GOOD):使用环境变量占位符
spring:
datasource:
password: ${DB_PASSWORD}
# 好(GOOD):Spring Cloud Vault 集成
spring:
cloud:
vault:
uri: https://vault.example.com
token: ${VAULT_TOKEN}http
.headers(headers -> headers
.contentSecurityPolicy(csp -> csp
.policyDirectives("default-src 'self'"))
.frameOptions(HeadersConfigurer.FrameOptionsConfig::sameOrigin)
.xssProtection(Customizer.withDefaults())
.referrerPolicy(rp -> rp.policy(ReferrerPolicyHeaderWriter.ReferrerPolicy.NO_REFERRER)));*@Bean
public CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {
CorsConfiguration config = new CorsConfiguration();
config.setAllowedOrigins(List.of("https://app.example.com"));
config.setAllowedMethods(List.of("GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE"));
config.setAllowedHeaders(List.of("Authorization", "Content-Type"));
config.setAllowCredentials(true);
config.setMaxAge(3600L);
UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
source.registerCorsConfiguration("/api/**", config);
return source;
}
// 在 SecurityFilterChain 中:
http.cors(cors -> cors.configurationSource(corsConfigurationSource()));// 使用 Bucket4j 进行单端点速率限制
@Component
public class RateLimitFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private final Map<String, Bucket> buckets = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private Bucket createBucket() {
return Bucket.builder()
.addLimit(Bandwidth.classic(100, Refill.intervally(100, Duration.ofMinutes(1))))
.build();
}
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
String clientIp = request.getRemoteAddr();
Bucket bucket = buckets.computeIfAbsent(clientIp, k -> createBucket());
if (bucket.tryConsume(1)) {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
} else {
response.setStatus(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value());
response.getWriter().write("{\"error\": \"Rate limit exceeded\"}");
}
}
}记住:遵循默认拒绝、校验输入、最小权限原则,并优先通过配置实现安全。
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