springboot-tdd
使用 JUnit 5, Mockito, MockMvc, Testcontainers 和 JaCoCo 进行 Spring Boot 的测试驱动开发（TDD）。适用于添加新功能、修复 bug 或重构场景。
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Spring Boot TDD 工作流 (Spring Boot TDD Workflow)
为 Spring Boot 服务提供测试驱动开发（TDD）指南，要求覆盖率达到 80% 以上（单元测试 + 集成测试）。
何时使用
- 新功能或新端点（Endpoint）
- Bug 修复或重构
- 添加数据访问逻辑或安全规则
工作流 (Workflow)
- 先写测试（且测试应当失败）
- 实现能让测试通过的最小化代码
- 在保持测试通过（Green）的状态下进行重构
- 强制执行覆盖率检查（JaCoCo）
单元测试 (Unit Testing - JUnit 5 + Mockito)
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class MarketServiceTest {
@Mock MarketRepository repo;
@InjectMocks MarketService service;
@Test
void createsMarket() {
CreateMarketRequest req = new CreateMarketRequest("name", "desc", Instant.now(), List.of("cat"));
when(repo.save(any())).thenAnswer(inv -> inv.getArgument(0));
Market result = service.create(req);
assertThat(result.name()).isEqualTo("name");
verify(repo).save(any());
}
}模式：
- Arrange-Act-Assert (准备-执行-断言)
- 避免使用部分 Mock（Partial Mock），优先使用显式打桩（Stubbing）
- 针对多种变体情况使用
@ParameterizedTest
Web 层测试 (Web Layer Testing - MockMvc)
@WebMvcTest(MarketController.class)
class MarketControllerTest {
@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
@MockBean MarketService marketService;
@Test
void returnsMarkets() throws Exception {
when(marketService.list(any())).thenReturn(Page.empty());
mockMvc.perform(get("/api/markets"))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.content").isArray());
}
}集成测试 (Integration Testing - SpringBootTest)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@ActiveProfiles("test")
class MarketIntegrationTest {
@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
@Test
void createsMarket() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(post("/api/markets")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content("""
{"name":"Test","description":"Desc","endDate":"2030-01-01T00:00:00Z","categories":["general"]}
"""))
.andExpect(status().isCreated());
}
}持久化测试 (Persistence Testing - DataJpaTest)
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
@Import(TestContainersConfig.class)
class MarketRepositoryTest {
@Autowired MarketRepository repo;
@Test
void savesAndFinds() {
MarketEntity entity = new MarketEntity();
entity.setName("Test");
repo.save(entity);
Optional<MarketEntity> found = repo.findByName("Test");
assertThat(found).isPresent();
}
}Testcontainers
- 使用可复用的 Postgres/Redis 容器以反映生产环境
- 通过
@DynamicPropertySource将 JDBC URL 注入 Spring 上下文 (Context)
覆盖率 (Coverage - JaCoCo)
Maven 代码片段：
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
<artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>0.8.14</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals><goal>prepare-agent</goal></goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>report</id>
<phase>verify</phase>
<goals><goal>report</goal></goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>断言 (Assertions)
- 为了可读性，优先使用 AssertJ (
assertThat) - 对于 JSON 响应使用
jsonPath - 对于异常：
assertThatThrownBy(...)
测试数据生成器 (Test Data Builder)
class MarketBuilder {
private String name = "Test";
MarketBuilder withName(String name) { this.name = name; return this; }
Market build() { return new Market(null, name, MarketStatus.ACTIVE); }
}CI 命令 (CI Commands)
- Maven:
mvn -T 4 test或mvn verify - Gradle:
./gradlew test jacocoTestReport
请记住：保持测试的高速、隔离和确定性。测试行为而非实现细节。
- Repository
- xu-xiang/everything-claude-code-zh
- Commit
dfbf946
- Last updated
- First committed
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