CtrlK
BlogDocsLog inGet started
Tessl Logo

springboot-tdd

使用 JUnit 5、Mockito、MockMvc、Testcontainers 和 JaCoCo 进行 Spring Boot 的测试驱动开发 (TDD)。在添加功能、修复 Bug 或进行重构时使用。

SKILL.md
Quality
Evals
Security

Spring Boot TDD 工作流

针对具有 80% 以上覆盖率（单元测试 + 集成测试）的 Spring Boot 服务的 TDD 指南。

适用场景

  • 新功能或 API 端点开发
  • Bug 修复或重构
  • 添加数据访问逻辑或安全规则

工作流

  1. 先写测试（测试应当失败）
  2. 实现通过测试的最简代码
  3. 在测试通过的情况下重构代码
  4. 强制执行覆盖率检查 (JaCoCo)

单元测试 (JUnit 5 + Mockito)

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class MarketServiceTest {
  @Mock MarketRepository repo;
  @InjectMocks MarketService service;

  @Test
  void createsMarket() {
    CreateMarketRequest req = new CreateMarketRequest("name", "desc", Instant.now(), List.of("cat"));
    when(repo.save(any())).thenAnswer(inv -> inv.getArgument(0));

    Market result = service.create(req);

    assertThat(result.name()).isEqualTo("name");
    verify(repo).save(any());
  }
}

模式：

  • 准备-执行-断言 (Arrange-Act-Assert)
  • 避免部分 Mock；优先使用显式打桩 (Stubbing)
  • 使用 @ParameterizedTest 处理用例变体

Web 层测试 (MockMvc)

@WebMvcTest(MarketController.class)
class MarketControllerTest {
  @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
  @MockBean MarketService marketService;

  @Test
  void returnsMarkets() throws Exception {
    when(marketService.list(any())).thenReturn(Page.empty());

    mockMvc.perform(get("/api/markets"))
        .andExpect(status().isOk())
        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.content").isArray());
  }
}

集成测试 (SpringBootTest)

@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@ActiveProfiles("test")
class MarketIntegrationTest {
  @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;

  @Test
  void createsMarket() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(post("/api/markets")
        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
        .content("""
          {"name":"Test","description":"Desc","endDate":"2030-01-01T00:00:00Z","categories":["general"]}
        """))
      .andExpect(status().isCreated());
  }
}

持久层测试 (DataJpaTest)

@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
@Import(TestContainersConfig.class)
class MarketRepositoryTest {
  @Autowired MarketRepository repo;

  @Test
  void savesAndFinds() {
    MarketEntity entity = new MarketEntity();
    entity.setName("Test");
    repo.save(entity);

    Optional<MarketEntity> found = repo.findByName("Test");
    assertThat(found).isPresent();
  }
}

Testcontainers

  • 使用可重用的 Postgres/Redis 容器来镜像生产环境
  • 通过 @DynamicPropertySource 将 JDBC URL 注入到 Spring 上下文中

测试覆盖率 (JaCoCo)

Maven 配置片段：

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
  <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>0.8.14</version>
  <executions>
    <execution>
      <goals><goal>prepare-agent</goal></goals>
    </execution>
    <execution>
      <id>report</id>
      <phase>verify</phase>
      <goals><goal>report</goal></goals>
    </execution>
  </executions>
</plugin>

断言 (Assertions)

  • 为了提高可读性，优先使用 AssertJ (assertThat)
  • 对于 JSON 响应，使用 jsonPath
  • 对于异常：assertThatThrownBy(...)

测试数据生成器 (Test Data Builders)

class MarketBuilder {
  private String name = "Test";
  MarketBuilder withName(String name) { this.name = name; return this; }
  Market build() { return new Market(null, name, MarketStatus.ACTIVE); }
}

CI 命令

  • Maven: mvn -T 4 test 或 mvn verify
  • Gradle: ./gradlew test jacocoTestReport

记住：保持测试快速、隔离且具有确定性。测试行为，而不是实现细节。

Repository
xu-xiang/everything-claude-code-zh
Path

skills/springboot-tdd/SKILL.md

Commit

dfbf946

Last updated
First committed

Is this your skill?

If you maintain this skill, you can claim it as your own. Once claimed, you can manage eval scenarios, bundle related skills, attach documentation or rules, and ensure cross-agent compatibility.

Claim skill