Pure-reference catalog of defect lifecycle states and transitions. Defines the ISTQB-canonical states (new / open / assigned / in-progress / fixed / verified / closed / reopened / deferred / rejected / duplicate) and the transitions between them, distinguishes the ISTQB terms (error → fault / defect → failure), maps the lifecycle to the standard Jira / Linear / GitHub Issues workflows, and cites IEEE 1044-2009 and ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119-3 for the canonical anchors. Use as the lifecycle vocabulary for bug-report review, duplicate detection, and the platform-workflow skills.