testland/qemu-system-test-runner
Use when embedded tests must run on a virtual MCU or SoC instead of the host or real hardware, for correct endianness, alignment and interrupts: qemu-system-arm, aarch64 and riscv32 machine and CPU flags, loading ELF binaries, semihosting exit codes, GDB and QMP, and CI.
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boards.mdreferences/
QEMU machines and CPUs for embedded testing
Per target-arm.html, the ARM machines relevant to embedded testing include mps2-an385, mps2-an386, mps2-an500, mps2-an505, mps2-an511, mps2-an521, mps3-an524, mps3-an536, mps3-an547, the Stellaris lm3s6965evb / lm3s811evb, Raspberry Pi raspi0 / raspi1ap / raspi2b / raspi3ap / raspi3b / raspi4b, and Xilinx xilinx-zynq-a9 / xlnx-zcu102. The virt board is designed for use in virtual machines and does not correspond to any real hardware.
Match the machine to the CPU profile: mps2-* boards for M-profile cores, virt for A-profile, virt for RISC-V.
| Test target | QEMU command | Typical -cpu |
|---|---|---|
| Cortex-M0 / M0+ | qemu-system-arm -M mps2-an385 | cortex-m0 |
| Cortex-M3 | qemu-system-arm -M mps2-an385 | cortex-m3 (board default) |
| Cortex-M4 | qemu-system-arm -M mps2-an386 | cortex-m4 |
| Cortex-M7 | qemu-system-arm -M mps2-an500 | cortex-m7 |
| Cortex-M33 (TrustZone-M) | qemu-system-arm -M mps2-an505 / mps2-an521 / mps3-an524 | cortex-m33 |
| Cortex-A15 / A57 | qemu-system-arm -M virt (32-bit) / qemu-system-aarch64 -M virt (64-bit) | cortex-a15 / cortex-a57 / max |
| Stellaris LM3S6965 (older M3 reference) | qemu-system-arm -M lm3s6965evb | implicit |
| Raspberry Pi 3B (Cortex-A53) | qemu-system-aarch64 -M raspi3b | implicit (cortex-a53) |
-machine help lists all machines; -cpu help lists CPU models for the target.
Per cpu-features.html, the special max CPU type is "available for comprehensive feature testing". Named CPU models generally do not work with KVM, but for emulation-only test runs (not KVM-accelerated) the named models work fine.