testland/selenium-testing
Use for any question or task about Selenium WebDriver tests in Java, Python, C# or other bindings, including quick how-to questions and one pasted test to fix: explicit waits instead of sleeps, stable locators instead of absolute XPath, driver version errors (Selenium Manager), page objects, BiDi console errors, Grid in Docker and JUnit XML. New projects usually pick Playwright.
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language-bindings.mdreferences/
Selenium language bindings (Python, C#)
The Java + JUnit binding is the worked spine in selenium-testing.
Selenium ships official bindings for Python, JavaScript, C#, Ruby,
Kotlin, and PHP; the WebDriver calls map 1:1 across them. Two of the
most common non-Java bindings are shown below.
Python (pytest)
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
def test_checkout():
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('http://localhost:3000/login')
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-testid=email]').send_keys('user@example.com')
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-testid=password]').send_keys('pwd')
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'button[type=submit]').click()
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//h1[contains(., 'Welcome')]"))
)
driver.quit()C# (xUnit)
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI;
using Xunit;
public class CheckoutTest : IDisposable
{
private readonly IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
private readonly WebDriverWait wait;
public CheckoutTest()
{
wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
}
[Fact]
public void CompleteCheckout()
{
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://localhost:3000/login");
driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector("[data-testid=email]")).SendKeys("user@example.com");
// ...
}
public void Dispose() => driver.Quit();
}