Deep management assessment — the 'buying a stock is buying a person' layer. For a company or a named executive, evaluate integrity (promise-vs-delivery tracking, crisis behavior, stakeholder treatment), ability (strategic foresight, execution, capital-allocation record) and governance (equity structure, compensation, related-party deals). Outputs a weighted score across integrity / ability / capital-allocation / governance plus Duan Yongping's 3-question verdict ('would you hand this person your money for 10 years'). Use when standard research leaves management quality uncertain, or when management IS the investment thesis.