Standalone Install Note

If this environment only installed the current skill, start from the CloudBase main entry and use the published cloudbase/references/... paths for sibling skills.

• CloudBase main entry: https://cnb.cool/tencent/cloud/cloudbase/cloudbase-skills/-/git/raw/main/skills/cloudbase/SKILL.md
• Current skill raw source: https://cnb.cool/tencent/cloud/cloudbase/cloudbase-skills/-/git/raw/main/skills/cloudbase/references/cloud-storage-web/SKILL.md

Keep local references/... paths for files that ship with the current skill directory. When this file points to a sibling skill such as auth-tool-cloudbase or web-development, use the standalone fallback URL shown next to that reference.

Cloud Storage Web SDK

Activation Contract

Use this first when

• A browser or Web app must upload, download, or manage CloudBase storage objects through @cloudbase/js-sdk.
• The request mentions uploadFile, getTempFileURL, deleteFile, or downloadFile in frontend code.

Read before writing code if

• The task is browser-side storage work but you still need to separate it from Mini Program storage, backend storage management, or static hosting deployment.
• The request may be blocked by security domains or frontend auth.

Then also read

• Web login and identity -> ../auth-web-cloudbase/SKILL.md (standalone fallback: https://cnb.cool/tencent/cloud/cloudbase/cloudbase-skills/-/git/raw/main/skills/cloudbase/references/auth-web-cloudbase/SKILL.md)
• General Web app setup -> ../web-development/SKILL.md (standalone fallback: https://cnb.cool/tencent/cloud/cloudbase/cloudbase-skills/-/git/raw/main/skills/cloudbase/references/web-development/SKILL.md)
• Direct storage management through MCP tools -> ../cloudbase-platform/SKILL.md (standalone fallback: https://cnb.cool/tencent/cloud/cloudbase/cloudbase-skills/-/git/raw/main/skills/cloudbase/references/cloudbase-platform/SKILL.md)

Do NOT use for

• Mini Program file APIs.
• Backend or agent-side direct storage management through MCP.
• Static website hosting deployment via manageHosting(action="upload").
• Database operations.

Common mistakes / gotchas

• Uploading from browser code without configuring security domains.
• Using this skill for static hosting instead of storage objects.
• Mixing browser SDK upload flows with server-side file-management tasks.
• Assuming temporary download URLs are permanent links.
• Ignoring STORAGE_NOT_EXIST; it means the target storage bucket/resource is not ready, not that the browser upload code should fabricate a URL.
• On local Vite or dev-server tasks, forgetting to whitelist the exact current browser host:port before testing app.uploadFile().
• Treating CloudBase PG / pgstore like the legacy NoSQL CloudBase storage. PG environments use a separate pgstore backend whose buckets are NOT auto-created from your old NoSQL bucket. If pgstore has no bucket, every upload returns STORAGE_BUCKET_NOT_FOUND and the SDK then issues PUT https://undefined/ (visible in DevTools as net::ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED). Treat bucket existence as a hard prerequisite, just like Supabase: in Supabase Storage every upload must target an already-created bucket; CloudBase PG follows the same model.

Minimal checklist

• Confirm the caller is a browser/Web app.
• Initialize the Web SDK once.
• Confirm CloudBase storage exists in the current environment before testing upload. Use available MCP management/query tools to inspect or create/select the storage bucket when the environment has no default bucket. In a PG / pgstore environment, the legacy NoSQL bucket from DescribeEnvs does NOT count as a usable pgstore bucket; create one explicitly before any browser upload. The legacy NoSQL bucket itself is still fine for legacy app.uploadFile() flows that already target it — PG and NoSQL storage coexist; this skill applies to BOTH.
• Check security-domain/CORS requirements.
• Pick the right storage method before coding.

Local dev recipe

When the app runs on a local browser origin and must upload files from the frontend:

1. Use envQuery with action="domains" to inspect the current security-domain whitelist.
2. Convert the browser origin into the CloudBase whitelist entry format:
   • Browser origin http://127.0.0.1:4173 -> whitelist entry 127.0.0.1:4173
   • Browser origin http://localhost:5173 -> whitelist entry localhost:5173
3. If the exact current host entry is missing, call envDomainManagement with action="create" and add that host entry before relying on app.uploadFile().
4. If the runtime port may change between runs, do not assume any fixed default port list is sufficient. Re-check the actual browser origin you are really using for testing or final validation, then add that exact host:port.
5. Tell the user that security-domain changes may take several minutes to propagate.
6. Only after that should you implement and test browser-side app.uploadFile() flows.

If app.uploadFile() returns STORAGE_NOT_EXIST, stop editing frontend code and fix the environment-side storage resource first. Re-check the environment storage list, create or select an available bucket if the task allows it, then retry the same SDK upload flow.

If the task uses browser-side file upload, treat this as a prerequisite rather than an optional cleanup.

Bucket existence prerequisite (mandatory before any upload code)

Just like Supabase Storage, CloudBase Storage requires the target bucket to exist before any client-side upload. This is true for both legacy CloudBase NoSQL storage (STORAGE_NOT_EXIST) and the newer PG / pgstore backend (STORAGE_BUCKET_NOT_FOUND).

Mental model parity with Supabase:

Required pre-upload steps in any task that needs browser uploads:

1. List existing buckets first. For PG / pgstore, the legacy NoSQL bucket (the 6d63-…-1409864723 shape returned by DescribeEnvs.Storages[]) is NOT a valid pgstore bucket — do not assume it works.
2. If no usable bucket exists for the upload target (e.g. covers), create one through the PG storage management surface BEFORE editing frontend upload code. Adding covers as a path prefix in code does not auto-create a bucket.
3. After creating the bucket, the upload pattern depends on environment:
   • PG / pgstore: app.storage.from('covers').upload('<file>', file) — bucket 名传入 from()
   • Non-PG (NoSQL): app.storage.from().upload('covers/<file>', file) — bucket 名作为路径第一段
4. If you see net::ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED going to https://undefined/ in DevTools, that is the SDK reacting to a missing metadata.url field — almost always because the bucket does not exist or the SDK request was rejected upstream. Inspect the failed POST .../v1/storages/get-objects-upload-info response in DevTools first; the code field (e.g. STORAGE_BUCKET_NOT_FOUND, STORAGE_CONTENT_LENGTH_REQUIRED, INVALID_PARAM) tells you exactly what to fix.

Do not silently swallow upload failures. If uploadCoverImage() rejects, the parent createArticle() MUST also reject — never proceed to db.from(...).insert(...) with a fabricated URL or a placeholder, and never let the UI show a success toast.

⚠️ PG mode upload: use app.storage.from('bucket'), NOT app.uploadFile()

In PG / pgstore environments, use app.storage.from('covers').upload(key, file) for uploads and app.storage.from('covers').createSignedUrl(path, expiresIn) for getting access URLs.

Do NOT use the legacy NoSQL APIs in PG mode:

• ❌ app.uploadFile() — 这是旧 NoSQL 的上传 API
• ❌ app.getTempFileURL() — 这是旧 NoSQL 的获取 URL 方式
• ❌ app.storage.from().upload('covers/file', file) — 没有传 bucket 名

Use instead:

• ✅ app.storage.from('covers').upload('file', file) — PG 模式上传
• ✅ app.storage.from('covers').createSignedUrl('file', 3600) — 获取签名 URL（返回 fullSignedURL 字段）

Post-bucket: storage RLS (mandatory in PG / pgstore environments)

In PG / pgstore environments, storage access control is enforced through PostgreSQL Row Level Security (RLS) on storage.buckets / storage.objects — exactly like Supabase Storage. These tables are already granted to anon, authenticated, and service_role; RLS is the permission gate. Traditional storage permission labels (READONLY / PRIVATE / CUSTOM) and JSON storage safe rules do not apply. The default RLS policy is deny all, so even if the bucket exists, app.storage.from('covers').upload() from a browser will fail with STORAGE_PERMISSION_DENIED unless you configure policies.

Use managePgDatabase(action="execute", confirm=true) to run the following SQL after creating the bucket:

ALTER TABLE storage.objects ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;

-- Allow authenticated users to upload files
CREATE POLICY "authenticated_upload" ON storage.objects
  FOR INSERT TO authenticated
  WITH CHECK (auth.role() = 'authenticated');

-- Allow authenticated users to read/download files
CREATE POLICY "authenticated_read" ON storage.objects
  FOR SELECT TO authenticated
  USING (auth.role() = 'authenticated');

-- Optional: allow users to update/delete their own files
CREATE POLICY "users_manage_own" ON storage.objects
  FOR UPDATE TO authenticated
  USING (auth.uid() = owner_id)
  WITH CHECK (auth.uid() = owner_id);

Key points:

• storage.objects RLS is separate from CloudBase legacy NoSQL storage security rules (managePermissions / ModifyStorageSafeRule). In PG mode, always configure storage RLS via PG SQL, not the legacy security rule API.
• Without these policies, the browser receives STORAGE_PERMISSION_DENIED when calling app.storage.from('covers').upload() in PG mode.
• Use IF NOT EXISTS in a DO $$ block when re-applying to avoid "policy already exists" errors on re-run.

Overview

Use this skill for browser-side cloud storage operations through the CloudBase Web SDK.

Typical tasks:

• upload files from a browser
• generate temporary download URLs
• delete files
• trigger browser downloads

SDK initialization

import cloudbase from "@cloudbase/js-sdk";

const app = cloudbase.init({
  env: "your-env-id"
});

Initialization rules:

• Use synchronous initialization with a shared app instance.
• Do not re-initialize in every component.
• If the operation depends on user identity, handle auth before storage operations.

Method routing

• Upload from browser -> app.uploadFile()
• Temporary preview/download URL -> app.getTempFileURL()
• Delete existing files -> app.deleteFile()
• Trigger browser download -> app.downloadFile()

Upload

const result = await app.uploadFile({
  cloudPath: "uploads/avatar.jpg",
  filePath: selectedFile
});

Upload rules

• cloudPath must include the filename.
• Use / to create folder structure.
• In a CloudBase PG / pgstore environment, the from(bucketName) argument is used as the bucket name (e.g. from('covers')), and upload(key, file) takes a key without bucket prefix. The bucket must already exist. Same model as Supabase Storage — never upload into a not-yet-created bucket.
• Validate file type and size before upload.
• Show upload progress for larger files when UX matters.
• On local dev origins, confirm the exact frontend origin already exists in environment security domains before assuming the upload path is usable.
• Match against the whitelist entry format returned by envQuery(action="domains"), which is typically host:port instead of a full http://... URL.
• If the environment has no storage bucket or the SDK returns STORAGE_NOT_EXIST / STORAGE_BUCKET_NOT_FOUND, use CloudBase management/MCP storage tools to create or choose a bucket before retrying. Do not treat this as a successful optional upload.
• After app.uploadFile() succeeds, do not fabricate a public-looking URL by concatenating envId, bucket domain, or cloudPath. Use the returned fileID with app.getTempFileURL() and store or display the SDK-resolved URL instead.

Progress example

await app.uploadFile({
  cloudPath: "uploads/avatar.jpg",
  filePath: selectedFile,
  onUploadProgress: ({ loaded, total }) => {
    const percent = Math.round((loaded * 100) / total);
    console.log(percent);
  }
});

Temporary URLs

const result = await app.getTempFileURL({
  fileList: [
    {
      fileID: "cloud://env-id/uploads/avatar.jpg",
      maxAge: 3600
    }
  ]
});

Use temp URLs when the browser needs to preview or download private files without exposing a permanent public link.

Typical upload + preview flow:

const uploadResult = await app.uploadFile({
  cloudPath: "uploads/avatar.jpg",
  filePath: selectedFile
});

const tempUrlResult = await app.getTempFileURL({
  fileList: [{ fileID: uploadResult.fileID, maxAge: 3600 }]
});

const previewUrl = tempUrlResult.fileList?.[0]?.tempFileURL || tempUrlResult.fileList?.[0]?.download_url;
if (!previewUrl) {
  throw new Error("Failed to resolve temporary file URL after upload");
}

Delete files

await app.deleteFile({
  fileList: ["cloud://env-id/uploads/old-avatar.jpg"]
});

Always inspect per-file results before assuming deletion succeeded.

Download files

await app.downloadFile({
  fileID: "cloud://env-id/uploads/report.pdf"
});

Use this for browser-initiated downloads. For programmatic rendering or preview, prefer getTempFileURL().

Security-domain reminder

To avoid CORS problems, add your frontend domain in CloudBase security domains. In MCP-enabled workflows, prefer checking and updating this through tools before coding browser uploads.

{ "tool": "envQuery", "action": "domains" }

Use the actual browser origin when deciding what to add. If the page is running on a custom domain or a local dev port, add that exact host:port value instead of guessing from a hard-coded list.

{
  "tool": "envDomainManagement",
  "action": "create",
  "domains": ["<actual-browser-host>:<actual-browser-port>"]
}

Match the real browser origin to the whitelist entry format returned by envQuery(action="domains"). For local Vite and preview servers, the port can vary between runs, so avoid assuming any fixed default port is sufficient.

Typical examples:

• <your-local-host>:<actual-port>
• <your-custom-domain>

Best practices

1. Use a clear folder structure such as uploads/, avatars/, documents/.
2. Validate file size and type in the browser before upload.
3. Use temporary URLs with reasonable expiration windows.
4. Clean up obsolete files instead of leaving orphaned storage objects.
5. Route privileged batch-management tasks to backend or MCP flows instead of browser direct access.

Error handling

try {
  const result = await app.uploadFile({
    cloudPath: "uploads/file.jpg",
    filePath: selectedFile
  });
  console.log(result.fileID);
} catch (error) {
  console.error("Storage operation failed:", error);
}