Emu Bulk Upload Skill

Help users prepare and upload entomological specimen data to the Emu collection database at the Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH). The process starts by mapping whatever data the user provides into Emu's standard format, then works through each Emu module (Sites, Events, Catalog) to match existing records, create new ones, and produce properly formatted tables for bulk upload.

When to use

• User wants to upload specimen data to Emu
• User needs to match localities to existing Emu site records
• User has specimen data in any format that needs database preparation
• Keywords: "bulk upload", "Emu", "upload specimens", "match sites", "prepare data"

Key reference files

• references/Emu_upload_default.xlsx — The Emu upload template (49 columns, 3 modules)
• references/emu_field_reference.md — Complete field reference with descriptions, export name mappings, and normalization rules
• references/phase1_sites.md — Sites phase detailed reference (scripts, matching, export guide)

Session start

File discovery

At the start of a session, search the working directory for files the user may have already placed there:

• Look for data files: .xlsx, .csv, .tsv, .txt, or other tabular formats
• Look for Emu exports: .csv files that may contain site/event data

If any are found, list them and confirm with the user:

I found these files in the working directory:

• specimen_data.csv (csv, 145 KB)
• US_sites_export.csv (csv, 12 MB)

Which of these should I work with? Is specimen_data.csv your specimen data and US_sites_export.csv an Emu sites export?

Privilege gating

Before any work, ask the user:

Do you have Emu bulk upload privileges?

1. Yes
2. No (not sure = no)

Record the answer. It determines how upload steps are handled later:

• With privileges: walk through Emu upload steps directly
• Without privileges: prepare tables and ask user to send them to their collection manager

Coordinate provenance

Also ask once at session start:

Are the coordinates in your data from your own sampling metadata (i.e. primary coordinates, recorded at the sampling site), or inherited from named places (centroids / generic coordinates)?

1. Primary — from sampling metadata
2. Inherited / centroid

If primary, the skill applies the unnamed-Precise-Locality rule: each specimen row with coordinates produces an unnamed Precise Locality node whose parent is the most specific named node (Village/Town/etc.). If inherited, coordinates stay attached to the named node directly.

Step 1: Data intake and mapping

This step takes the user's data in any format and maps it into the Emu template format (references/Emu_upload_default.xlsx).

Accept any input

The user's data may be:

• An xlsx already in Emu template format (3-row header with Emu field names in Row 2)
• An xlsx or csv with their own column names (e.g., "lat", "long", "state", "species")
• A tsv, txt, or other delimited file
• Data with completely different column naming conventions

Analyze the input

1. Read the file and present the columns and a sample of the data to the user
2. Read references/emu_field_reference.md to understand all Emu fields
3. Propose a column mapping: for each user column, suggest which Emu field it corresponds to

Present the mapping as a table for user review:

Here's how I'd map your columns to Emu fields:

Your column	Emu field	User-friendly name
lat	LatLatitude_nesttab	Latitude
long	LatLongitude_nesttab	Longitude
state	LocProvinceStateTerritory_tab	Province/State
county	LocDistrictCountyShire_tab	County
locality	LocPreciseLocation	Precise Location
species	IdeTaxonRef_tab.irn	Taxon
collector	ColParticipantRef_tab(2).irn	Collectors
unmapped	—	(columns with no Emu equivalent)

Does this look right? Any corrections?

Wait for user confirmation before proceeding. Unmapped columns are preserved but not used in Emu uploads.

Check for Emu template format

If the file already has the 3-row header structure (Row 1 = friendly names, Row 2 = Emu field names, Row 3 = example) with correct Emu field names, skip the mapping and confirm:

Your file is already in Emu template format. I found N data rows with columns for [Sites, Events, Catalog] fields.

Build transformation script

Once the mapping is confirmed, write a Python script on the fly to transform the user's data into the Emu template format:

1. Read the user's input file (whatever format it is)
2. Map columns according to the confirmed mapping
3. Output an xlsx in Emu template format:
   • Row 1: user-friendly names (from template)
   • Row 2: Emu field names (from template)
   • Row 3: first data row as example
   • Row 4+: data
   • Column colors: green (FFCCFFCC) for Sites, gray (FFC0C0C0) for Events, tan (FFFFCC99) for Catalog
4. Only include columns that have data (skip entirely empty Emu fields)

Save the script to /tmp/emu_transform.py and run it. Save the output to /tmp/emu_user_data.xlsx.

Reference scripts/parse_user_data.py for patterns on reading xlsx files with openpyxl and applying cell colors.

Present summary

After transformation, report:

• Number of data rows
• Which Emu modules have data (Sites, Events, Catalog)
• Sample of the transformed data
• Any data quality notes (missing values, format issues)

Phase 1: Sites

Match user localities to existing Emu site records, create new records where needed, and obtain site IRNs.

Detailed reference: references/phase1_sites.md

Step 1.1: Extract site data

From the transformed user xlsx (/tmp/emu_user_data.xlsx), extract the site columns (green-filled: hierarchy, elevation, coordinates, site number).

python3 scripts/parse_user_data.py /tmp/emu_user_data.xlsx /tmp/emu_user_sites.json

Report: number of specimens, site columns detected, sample data.

Step 1.2: Get Emu sites export

Ask for the Emu sites export (CSV). If identified during file discovery, use it directly. If the user doesn't have one:

1. Analyze the user's data and suggest search criteria (see references/phase1_sites.md § "Choosing search criteria")
2. Ask: "Do you know how to export sites from Emu, or would you like step-by-step guidance with screenshots?"
   • Option 1 — Quick summary: See references/phase1_sites.md § "Quick summary"
   • Option 2 — Step-by-step guide: Walk through each screenshot one at a time (see references/phase1_sites.md § "Step-by-step screenshot guide"). Show one step, wait for confirmation, then proceed.

Parse the export:

python3 scripts/parse_emu_export.py <emu_export.csv> /tmp/emu_index.json

Report: records loaded, coordinate coverage.

Step 1.3: Deduplicate and match

python3 scripts/deduplicate_sites.py /tmp/emu_user_sites.json /tmp/emu_dedup.json
python3 scripts/match_sites.py /tmp/emu_dedup.json /tmp/emu_index.json /tmp/emu_match.json

Report: "Your N specimens contain M unique sites."

Review matches using your judgment (see references/phase1_sites.md § "Match review guidelines"):

• Exact matches (score >= 90): report silently
• Near matches (60–89): present comparison table, ask user to confirm/reject each
• No matches: note for parent finding

Step 1.4: Find parents and intermediate chain

python3 scripts/find_parents.py /tmp/emu_match.json /tmp/emu_index.json /tmp/emu_parents.json

Review parent results (see references/phase1_sites.md § "Parent rules"):

• Perfect parents (score >= 90): proceed silently.
• Partial parents: present to user for confirmation.
• No parent found: flag for manual resolution.

The output also includes a chain array for each unmatched site listing every intermediate level the user specified (default status needs_creation). For each intermediate, call match_named_node (from scripts/match_sites.py) against the Emu index — if it finds an existing node with no lower-level data, flip that chain entry's status to exists and record the IRN.

Step 1.5: Rank assignment

For each distinct (level, name) pair remaining as needs_creation, call:

python3 scripts/osm_rank_lookup.py "<name>" "<country>" --parent "<parent name>" [--lat L --lon M]

• confidence == high → auto-apply the suggested rank, note it in the summary.
• confidence == medium or low, or no result → present candidates to the user for confirmation. If no OSM hit at all, fall back to pd2/pd3/pd4 by depth.

Step 1.6: Confirm intermediates and Paradise-style rows

• Intermediate confirmation. For every needs_creation node, show its rank, name, and proposed parent, and ask the user to approve before including it in the upload plan.
• Paradise-style rows. When a user row has a named locality with coordinates and no more specific name (e.g., "Paradise" with coords), ask:

  The coordinates for "Paradise" — do they refer to the named area broadly (town center / approximate location), or to a specific sampling site within the area?

  1. Broadly (keep as a single named node with coords)
  2. Specific site (split into named parent + unnamed Precise Locality child) Apply the chosen treatment to that chain.

Step 1.7: Build chains and generate upload

Assemble /tmp/emu_site_chains.json (see scripts/generate_bulk_upload.py docstring). Then:

python3 scripts/generate_bulk_upload.py /tmp/emu_site_chains.json /tmp/emu_upload/

Output is always CSV (sites_upload_batch_N.csv). Multi-batch output uses __PENDING_Bx_Ry__ placeholders in PolParentRef.irn; after each batch uploads and new IRNs come back, substitute and proceed to the next batch.

Handle upload based on user privileges (see references/phase1_sites.md § "Upload instructions").

Step 1.8: Finalize with IRNs

Once all sites have IRNs:

python3 scripts/finalize_user_table.py /tmp/emu_user_data.xlsx <irn_mapping.json> /tmp/emu_user_data_with_irns.xlsx

Create irn_mapping.json with format: {"row_irn_map": {"4": "123456", ...}}

Report the output file path.

Phase 2: Events (planned)

Match collecting events (date, collector, method, habitat) to site IRNs from Phase 1.

Reference: references/phase2_events.md (to be created)

Event fields are gray-colored columns in the template. See references/emu_field_reference.md § "Collection Events module".

Phase 3: Catalog (planned)

Upload specimen catalog records linking to event records from Phase 2.

Reference: references/phase3_catalog.md (to be created)

Catalog fields are tan/orange-colored columns in the template. See references/emu_field_reference.md § "Catalog module".

Phase 4: Other entities (planned)

Taxonomy, collector parties, and other dependent records.

Communication guidelines

• Be concise; batch similar items together
• Use tables for presenting match comparisons and column mappings
• Flag typos and discrepancies clearly with your assessment
• For large numbers of matches, group by status and only detail the ambiguous ones
• Always tell the user how many items remain to process after each decision

User interaction guidelines

Structured choices

Present numbered choices on separate lines:

1. Yes
2. No

For near-match review:

**Site 3**: "Cochise County" vs "Chochise County" (score 87, likely typo)
1. Accept match (use Emu record IRN 45678)
2. Reject match (create new record)

File inputs

• Tell users they can upload/attach files directly or provide a file path
• If uploaded, save to /tmp/ with a descriptive name
• Confirm receipt: "Got your file — saved to /tmp/emu_user_specimens.xlsx"

File outputs

• Always state the full file path
• Example: "Bulk upload table ready: /tmp/emu_upload/sites_upload_batch_1.csv"